2.1图像阈值
ret, dst = cv2.threshold(src, thresh, maxval, type)
thresh:一般为127
maxval:一般为255
- src: 输入图,只能输入单通道图像,通常来说为灰度图
- dst: 输出图
- ret: 返回阈值的数值
- thresh: 阈值
- maxval:当像素值超过了阈值(或者小于阈值,根据type来决定),所赋予的值
- type:二值化操作的类型,包含以下5种类型
- cv2.THRESH_BINARY;
超过阈值部分取maxval(最大值),否则取0
>127的取255(越亮的更亮)- cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV;
THRESH_BINARY的反转
<127的取255- cv2.THRESH_TRUNC;
大于阈值部分设为阈值,否则不变
>127的取127- cv2.THRESH_TOZERO;
大于阈值部分不改变,否则设为0
<127的取0(越暗的更暗)- cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV
THRESH_TOZERO的反转
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
img_gray = cv2.imread('cat.jpg')
ret, thresh1 = cv2.threshold(img_gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
ret, thresh2 = cv2.threshold(img_gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
ret, thresh3 = cv2.threshold(img_gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_TRUNC)
ret, thresh4 = cv2.threshold(img_gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_TOZERO)
ret, thresh5 = cv2.threshold(img_gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV)
titles = ['original', 'BINARY', 'BINARY_INV', 'TRUNC', 'TOZERO', 'TOZERO_INV']
images = [img_gray, thresh1, thresh2, thresh3, thresh4, thresh5]
for i in range(6):
plt.subplot(2, 3, i + 1)
plt.imshow(images[i], 'gray')
plt.title(titles[i])
plt.show()
运行结果↓↓↓
2.2平滑处理
18 | 54 | 51 | 239 | 244 | 188 |
55 | 121 | 75 | 78 | 95 | 88 |
35 | 24 | 204 | 78 | 95 | 88 |
3 | 154 | 104 | 235 | 25 | 25 |
15 | 253 | 225 | 159 | 78 | 233 |
68 | 85 | 189 | 214 | 145 | 0 |
2.2.0"头文件"
import cv2
img = cv2.imread('lenaNoise.png')
2.2.1均值滤波
简单的平均卷积操作
blur = cv2.blur(img, (3, 3))
cv2.imshow('blur', blur)
cv2.waitKey(0);
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
2.2.2方框滤波
- 基本和均值一样,可以选择归一化,不做归一化容易越界溢出
- 当之和>255就取255(所以图片就很亮)
box = cv2.boxFilter(img, -1, (3, 3), normalize=False)
# -1表示在颜色通道上保持一致
# normalize=True,加上就跟均值滤波一样
cv2.imshow('box', box)
cv2.waitKey(0);
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
2.2.3高斯滤波
高斯模糊的卷积核里的数值是满足高斯分布,相当于更重视中间的
aussian = cv2.GaussianBlur(img, (5, 5), 1)
cv2.imshow('aussian', aussian)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
2.2.4中值滤波
#相当于用中值代替
median = cv2.medianBlur(img, 5)# 5*5的框大小
cv2.imshow('median', median)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
这个图片就“圆滑”许多了
2.2.5展示所有的滤波结果
res = np.hstack((blur,aussian,median)) # vstack为垂直方向
#print (res)
# 控制窗口显示大小的(太大了不好显示)
cv2.namedWindow("median vs average",0);
cv2.resizeWindow("median vs average", 640, 480);
cv2.imshow('median vs average', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
ps: