cobbler服务

cobbler

cobbler简介

Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务,可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机,同时还可以管理DHCPDNS等。

Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理,也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web),还提供了API接口,可以方便二次开发使用。

Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版,优点是比较容易配置,还自带web界面比较易于管理。

Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统,但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成,如Puppet,暂时不支持SaltStack。

cobbler集成的服务

  • PXE服务支持
  • DHCP服务管理
  • DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
  • 电源管理
  • Kickstart服务支持
  • YUM仓库管理
  • TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
  • Apache(提供kickstart的安装源,并提供定制化的kickstart配置)

cobbler配置文件详解
cobbler配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler

配置文件作用
/etc/cobbler/settingscobbler 主配置文件
/etc/cobbler/iso/iso模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/pxepxe模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/power电源配置文件
/etc/cobbler/user.confweb服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digestweb访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.templatedhcp服务器的的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.templatedns服务器的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.templatetftp服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf模块的配置文件

cobbler数据目录

目录作用
/var/lib/cobbler/config/用于存放distros,system,profiles等信息配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/默认存放kickstart文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/导入的发行版系统的所有数据
/var/www/cobbler/images/导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/yum仓库存储目录

cobbler日志文件

日志文件路径说明
/var/log/cobbler/installing客户端安装日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.logcobbler日志

cobbler命令详解

cobbler check       //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list        //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report      //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync        //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync    //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro      //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system      //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile     //查看配置信息

cobbler服务端部署

//配置yum源
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  2495  100  2495    0     0   4503      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  4495
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com      11 kB/s | 3.9 kB     00:00    
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com   2.6 kB/s | 1.5 kB     00:00    
CentOS-8.5.2111 - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.co  18 kB/s | 4.3 kB     00:00    
epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm                 49 kB/s |  24 kB     00:00    
Package epel-release-8-17.el8.noarch is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
sed: can't read /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*: No such file or directory
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
sed: can't read /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*: No such file or directory

//安装cobbler以及相关的软件
[root@localhost ~]# yum module list | grep cobbler
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
cobbler              3               default [d]                              Versatile Linux deployment server                                                                                                                                                                                                
cobbler              3.3             default [d]                              Versatile Linux deployment server                                                                                                                                                                                                
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y module enable cobbler:3
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:45 ago on Fri 23 Sep 2022 04:38:53 PM CST.
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package           Architecture     Version             Repository         Size
================================================================================
Enabling module streams:
 cobbler                            3                                          

Transaction Summary
================================================================================

Complete!
[root@localhost ~]#  yum -y install httpd dhcp* tftp tftp-server cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart rsync rsync-daemon 
...................................................

//启动服务并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable tftp
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/tftp.socket → /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.socket.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.

//关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config 
SELINUX=disabled

//修改server的ip地址为本机ip
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.205.147/' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml

//设置tftp的ip地址为本机ip
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.205.147/' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml

//生成加密的密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" 'jiang123!'
$1$12596$RAIWy2JaEHPyEGvU5xxMl0

//将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
default_password_crypted: "$1$7445$tWSJMLEQBUaSS/Yghv2Dq/"  //添加密码

//将cobbler的dhcp功能打开
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "s#manage_dhcp: false#manage_dhcp: true#" /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
[root@localhost ~]# grep 'manage_dhcp:' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
manage_dhcp: true

//重启cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State   Recv-Q   Send-Q     Local Address:Port      Peer Address:Port  Process  
LISTEN  0        5                0.0.0.0:873            0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN  0        128              0.0.0.0:22             0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN  0        5              127.0.0.1:25151          0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN  0        5                   [::]:873               [::]:*              
LISTEN  0        128                    *:80                   *:*              
LISTEN  0        128                 [::]:22                [::]:*              
LISTEN  0        128                    *:443                  *:*  

//通过cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1: SELinux is enabled. Please review the following wiki page for details on ensuring Cobbler works correctly in your SELinux environment:
    https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki/Selinux
2: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, and yaboot.
3: reposync is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
4: yumdownloader is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
5: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
6: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

问题1解决办法:
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install syslinux*
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
menu.c32  pxelinux.0

问题2和问题3解决办法
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install yum-utils

问题4和问题5可以忽略,
因为是debian系统才需要解决,显示使用的是centos8
Debian系统解决办法安装fence-agents

//配置DHCP模板文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.205.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             192.168.205.2;
     option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8;
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.205.100 192.168.205.254;
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;

//同步cobbler配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-09-23_221846_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Fri Sep 23 22:18:46 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_efi.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_legacy.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_powerpc-ieee1275.cfg
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

管理distro
//挂载镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.

//导入镜像
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=lijiang --arch=x86_64
task started: 2022-09-23_222209_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Fri Sep 23 22:22:09 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/lijiang-x86_64:
creating new distro: lijiang-x86_64
creating new profile: lijiang-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/lijiang-x86_64 for lijiang-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/lijiang-x86_64/AppStream
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/lijiang-x86_64/AppStream
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/lijiang-x86_64/AppStream/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/lijiang-x86_64/AppStream/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/lijiang-x86_64/BaseOS
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/lijiang-x86_64/BaseOS
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/lijiang-x86_64/BaseOS/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/lijiang-x86_64/BaseOS/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

//查看cobbler镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:
   lijiang-x86_64

profiles:
   lijiang-x86_64

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:

//查看详细信息  查看指定的--name 接镜像名
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro report --name lijiang-x86_64
Name                           : lijiang-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
Automatic Installation Template Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/lijiang-x86_64'}
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Boot loader                    : grub
Breed                          : redhat
Comment                        : 
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/lijiang-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/lijiang-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : rhel8
Owners                         : ['admin']
Redhat Management Key          : 
Remote Boot Initrd             : ~
Remote Boot Kernel             : ~
Template Files                 : {}

//创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile get-autoinstall --name lijiang-x86_64 > /var/lib/cobbler/templates/lijiang.ks
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/templates/lijiang.ks
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled          //关闭防火墙  设置最小安装
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
.......................
%packages
@^minimal-environment        //设置最小安装
%end

//此时使用虚拟机去安装系统并不会成功  需要做如下操作
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/share/cobbler/bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ls
migrate-data-v2-to-v3.py  mkgrub.sh
migrate-settings.sh       settings-migration-v1-to-v2.sh
[root@localhost bin]# bash mkgrub.sh 
+ grub2-mkimage -O arm64-efi -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grubaa64.efi --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr efinet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O i386-pc-pxe -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grub.0 --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr chain pxe biosdisk
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O powerpc-ieee1275 -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grub.ppc64le --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr net ofnet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/powerpc-ieee1275/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O x86_64-efi -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grubx64.efi --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr chain efinet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
+ ln -s /usr/share/syslinux/ldlinux.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ldlinux.c32
+ set +x

[root@localhost bin]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
grub  ldlinux.c32  menu.c32  pxelinux.0
[root@localhost bin]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-09-23_225154_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Fri Sep 23 22:51:54 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/lijiang-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_efi.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_legacy.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_powerpc-ieee1275.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/x86_64_menu_items.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/lijiang-x86_64
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: lijiang-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/lijiang-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/lijiang-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/lijiang-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/lijiang-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: lijiang-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/lijiang-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/lijiang-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/lijiang-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/lijiang-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for lijiang-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
processing boot_files for distro: lijiang-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost bin]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd.service 

手动安装

创建虚拟机

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自动安装

使用浏览器访问https://192.168.205.147/cobbler_web

默认登录的用户名和密码都为cobbler


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