Python编程入门（6）

关于Python基本语法的梳理以及举得一些例子（6）

#16
字典

#16 字典
XDD = {'x':'小','dd':'呆呆','message':5}#键值对
print(XDD['x'])
print(XDD['dd'])
print(XDD['message'])#用字典存储了x，dd，message
print("\n")

XDD = {}#首先定义空字典
XDD['x'] = '小'
XDD['dd'] = '呆呆'#填值
print(XDD)
print("\n")

XDD = {'x':'小','dd':'呆呆','message':5}
print(XDD)
del XDD['message']#删除键值对
print(XDD)

XDD = {'x':'小','dd':'呆呆','message':'5'}
for k,v in XDD.items():#.items() 返回键值对列表
 print("\nKey: " + k)
 print("value: " + v)
print("\n")

XDD = {'x':'小','dd':'呆呆','message':'5'}
for name_0 in XDD.keys():#.keys()打印出所有的键
 print(name_0)
for name_1 in XDD.values():#.values()打印出所有的值
 print(name_1)
print("\n")

message_0 = {'A':'a'}
message_1 = {'B':'b'}
message_2 = {'C':'c'}
messages = [message_0,message_1,message_2]#将字典放在列表中
for message in messages:
 print(message)#逐个打印字典
print("\n")

messages = []
for message in range(0,30):
 message_0 = {'A':'a','B':'b','C':'c'}
 messages.append(message_0)
print(messages)
print("\n")

users = {
  'A':{
   'first':'zz',
   'last':'xx' ,
   'location':'cc',
   },

  'B':{
   'first':'dd',
   'last':'mm' ,
   'location':'ll',
   },
        }#字典套字典
for username,user_info in users.items():
 print("\nUsername:" + username)
 full_name = user_info['first'] + " " + user_info['last']
 location = user_info['location']

 print("\tFull name:" + full_name.title())
 print("\tLocation:" + location.title())
print("\n")

#17
用户输入与while语句
注：sublime无法运行input()

#17 用户输入与while语句
message = input("Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: ")
print(message)#input 用户输入后再运行
   #sublime无法运行input

prompt = "If you tell us who you are, we can personalize the messages you see."
prompt += "\nWhat is your first name? "#运算符 += 在存储在prompt中的字符串末尾附加一个字符串
name = input(prompt)
print("\nHello, " + name + "!")

height = input("How tall are you, in inches? ")
height = int(height)#函数int()将数字的字符串表示转换为数值表示
if height >= 36:
 print("\nYou're tall enough to ride!")
else:
 print("\nYou'll be able to ride when you're a little older.")
print("\n")

current_number = 1
while current_number <= 5:
 print(current_number)
 current_number += 1

prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program. "
message = ""#message是一个空字符串,输入的都将存储到变量message中并打印出来
while message != 'quit':
 message = input(prompt)

 if message != 'quit':#仅在消息不是退出值时才打印它
  print(message)

标志用于判断程序是否应继续运行

prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program. "
active = True#标志active用于判断程序是否应继续运行
while active:
 message = input(prompt)
 if message == 'quit':
  active = False 
 else:
  print(message)

break语句立即退出while 循环

prompt = "\nPlease enter the name of a city you have visited:"
prompt += "\n(Enter 'quit' when you are finished.) "
while True:
 city = input(prompt)
 if city == 'quit':
  break#使用break语句立即退出while 循环
 else:
  print("I'd love to go to " + city.title() + "!")

continue语句，让Python忽略余下的代码，并返回到循环的开头

current_number = 0
while current_number < 10: 
 current_number += 1
 if current_number % 2 == 0:
  continue#执行continue语句，让Python忽略余下的代码，并返回到循环的开头
 print(current_number)