CompletableFuture

非阻塞的异步调用

• 异步任务结束时，会自动回调某个对象的方法
• 异步任务出错时，会自动回调某个对象的方法
• 主线程设置好回调后，不再关心异步任务的执行

public class CompletableFutureTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		// 创建异步执行任务:
		CompletableFuture<Double> cf = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(CompletableFutureTest::fetchPrice);
		// 如果执行成功:
		cf.thenAccept((result) -> {
			System.out.println("price: " + result);
		});
		// 如果执行异常:
		cf.exceptionally((e) -> {
			e.printStackTrace();
			return null;
		});
		// 主线程不要立刻结束，否则CompletableFuture默认使用的线程池会立刻关闭:
		Thread.sleep(200);
	}

	static Double fetchPrice() {
		try {
			Thread.sleep(100);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
		}
		if (Math.random() < 0.3) {
			throw new RuntimeException("fetch price failed!");
		}
		return 5 + Math.random() * 20;
	}
}

任务的串行化执行

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 第一个任务:
        CompletableFuture<String> cfQuery = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            return queryCode("中国石油");
        });
        // cfQuery成功后继续执行下一个任务:
        CompletableFuture<Double> cfFetch = cfQuery.thenApplyAsync((code) -> {
            return fetchPrice(code);
        });
        // cfFetch成功后打印结果:
        cfFetch.thenAccept((result) -> {
            System.out.println("price: " + result);
        });
        // 主线程不要立刻结束，否则CompletableFuture默认使用的线程池会立刻关闭:
        Thread.sleep(2000);
    }

    static String queryCode(String name) {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        }
        return "601857";
    }

    static Double fetchPrice(String code) {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        }
        return 5 + Math.random() * 20;
    }
}

任务的有选择执行

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 两个CompletableFuture执行异步查询:
        CompletableFuture<String> cfQueryFromSina = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            return queryCode("中国石油", "https://finance.sina.com.cn/code/");
        });
        CompletableFuture<String> cfQueryFrom163 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            return queryCode("中国石油", "https://money.163.com/code/");
        });

        // 用anyOf合并为一个新的CompletableFuture:
        CompletableFuture<Object> cfQuery = CompletableFuture.anyOf(cfQueryFromSina, cfQueryFrom163);

        // 两个CompletableFuture执行异步查询:
        CompletableFuture<Double> cfFetchFromSina = cfQuery.thenApplyAsync((code) -> {
            return fetchPrice((String) code, "https://finance.sina.com.cn/price/");
        });
        CompletableFuture<Double> cfFetchFrom163 = cfQuery.thenApplyAsync((code) -> {
            return fetchPrice((String) code, "https://money.163.com/price/");
        });

        // 用anyOf合并为一个新的CompletableFuture:
        CompletableFuture<Object> cfFetch = CompletableFuture.anyOf(cfFetchFromSina, cfFetchFrom163);

        // 最终结果:
        cfFetch.thenAccept((result) -> {
            System.out.println("price: " + result);
        });
        // 主线程不要立刻结束，否则CompletableFuture默认使用的线程池会立刻关闭:
        Thread.sleep(200);
    }

    static String queryCode(String name, String url) {
        System.out.println("query code from " + url + "...");
        try {
            Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 100));
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        }
        return "601857";
    }

    static Double fetchPrice(String code, String url) {
        System.out.println("query price from " + url + "...");
        try {
            Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 100));
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        }
        return 5 + Math.random() * 20;
    }
}