SpringMVC注解方式实现

导入pom依赖

<dependencies>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>junit</groupId>
          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
          <version>4.12</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
          <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
          <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
          <version>2.5</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
          <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
          <version>2.2</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
          <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
          <version>1.2</version>
      </dependency>
</dependencies>

记得添加web框架支持

配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--启动级别-1-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!--/ 匹配所有的请求；（不包括.jsp）-->
    <!--/* 匹配所有的请求；（包括.jsp）-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

配置springmvc-servlet.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.li.controller"></context:component-scan>
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler></mvc:default-servlet-handler>
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
    <!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!--后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

开启扫描com.li.controller包下的所有注解，使之生效。

<context:component-scan base-package="com.li.controller"></context:component-scan>

过滤静态资源

<mvc:default-servlet-handler></mvc:default-servlet-handler>

自动配置 处理器映射器和处理器配置器

<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>

编写Controller类

package com.li.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("hello")
    public String test(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg","helloSpringMvcss");
        return "test";
    }
}

@Controller注解表示其下的类由Spring来接管，Return返回的值会自动经过视图解析器进行拼接。
@Component,@Service,@Repository与 @Controller注解 等效，只不过是为了区分不同的层。
@RestController注解表示其下的类由Spring来接管，Return返回的值会直接输出到页面，不会经过视图解析器。

前台页面test.jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Admin
  Date: 2022/6/16
  Time: 15:08
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>

可能会遇到的错误

IDEA有时候不会自己创建lib目录，需要手动创建，并且把包导入。
在项目结构>>WEB-INF目录下创建lib

测试

localhost:8080/hello

目录结构