GOF23-工厂模式

工厂方法模式（Factory Method Pattern）是一种创建型设计模式，它定义了一个用于创建对象的接口，让子类决定实例化哪一个类。工厂方法模式使得一个类的实例化延迟到其子类。

//  举例
public abstract class Operation
{
    public abstract double Calculate(double a, double b);
}

public class AddOperation : Operation
{
    public override double Calculate(double a, double b)
    {
        return a + b;
    }
}

public class SubtractOperation : Operation
{
    public override double Calculate(double a, double b)
    {
        return a - b;
    }
}

public class MultiplyOperation : Operation
{
    public override double Calculate(double a, double b)
    {
        return a * b;
    }
}

public class DivideOperation : Operation
{
    public override double Calculate(double a, double b)
    {
        if (b == 0)
        {
            throw new DivideByZeroException();
        }
        return a / b;
    }
}

// 工厂类
public abstract class OperationFactory
{
    public abstract Operation CreateOperation();
}

public class AddOperationFactory : OperationFactory
{
    public override Operation CreateOperation()
    {
        return new AddOperation();
    }
}

public class SubtractOperationFactory : OperationFactory
{
    public override Operation CreateOperation()
    {
        return new SubtractOperation();
    }
}

public class MultiplyOperationFactory : OperationFactory
{
    public override Operation CreateOperation()
    {
        return new MultiplyOperation();
    }
}

public class DivideOperationFactory : OperationFactory
{
    public override Operation CreateOperation()
    {
        return new DivideOperation();
    }
}

// 使用示例
OperationFactory factory = new AddOperationFactory();
Operation operation = factory.CreateOperation();
double result = operation.Calculate(1, 2);
Console.WriteLine("1 + 2 = " + result);

factory = new SubtractOperationFactory();
operation = factory.CreateOperation();
result = operation.Calculate(3, 4);
Console.WriteLine("3 - 4 = " + result);

factory = new MultiplyOperationFactory();
operation = factory.CreateOperation();
result = operation.Calculate(5, 6);
Console.WriteLine("5 * 6 = " + result);

factory = new DivideOperationFactory();
operation = factory.CreateOperation();
result = operation.Calculate(7, 8);
Console.WriteLine("7 / 8 = " + result);