一、问题需求: 在项目中经常遇到需要写配置文件地方,目的就是不想在程序中关于一些信息写死,发布的时候只需要修改一下配置文件就可以,不需要每次都修改程序,如项目名称、数据库连接字符串、IP端口之类 的;对于小项目或者服务程序,配置信息可以通过系统自带的appSettings进行配置,但大项目或者配置信息太多,如果都用appSettings来配置就感觉比较杂乱,运维人员在修改配置的时候不好修改,而且如果想找某一模块相关或者某一节点配置容易出错,这时如果能分类管理,例如跟数据库相关的写到一个节点里,跟某个业务独立相关的可以也能单独写一个节点上 等等;
二、解决方案:其实 使用.net自带的configSections,将配置信息分块管理,并提供实体类且还能单配置文件管理,这样程序员可以根据业务类型等其他方式分类写入配置文件,运维人员可以针对某一项进行修改部署维护;
三、具体实现:接下来演示一下几种自定义的configSections节点,有单节点配置、多节点配置、自定义节点配置
1、 首先演示一下单节点配置:
1.1 新建一个类继承ConfigurationSection,新增属性及调用方法
复制代码
///
/// 单级自定义配置节点
///
public class CustomerSingleConfig:ConfigurationSection
{
///
/// 获取配置信息
///
///
public static CustomerSingleConfig GetConfig()
{
return GetConfig(“CustomerSingleConfig”);
}
///
/// 获取配置信息
///
///
///
public static CustomerSingleConfig GetConfig(string sectionName)
{
CustomerSingleConfig section = (CustomerSingleConfig)ConfigurationManager.GetSection(sectionName);
if (section == null)
throw new ConfigurationErrorsException(“Section " + sectionName + " is not found.”);
return section;
}
/// <summary>
/// 平台中文名称
/// </summary>
[ConfigurationProperty("PlatChName",DefaultValue = "", IsRequired = true, IsKey = false)]
public string PlatChName
{
get { return (string)this["PlatChName"]; }
set { this["PlatChName"]=value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 平台英文名称
/// </summary>
[ConfigurationProperty("PlatEnName",DefaultValue = "", IsRequired = true, IsKey = false)]
public string PlatEnName
{
get { return (string)this["PlatEnName"]; }
set { this["PlatEnName"] = value; }
}
}
复制代码
1.2 在app.config------>configuration--------->configSections里面加入CustomerSingleConfig节点,如下:
<section name="CustomerSingleConfig" type="ConfigDemo.CustomerSingleConfig,ConfigDemo"/>
1.3 在app.config------>configuration------->新建CustomerSingleConfig里面加入配置信息
1.4 调用获取配置信息
复制代码
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("---------------------单级配置节点测试-----------------");
Console.WriteLine(“PlatChName:” + CustomerSingleConfig.GetConfig().PlatChName);
Console.WriteLine(“PlatEnName:” + CustomerSingleConfig.GetConfig().PlatEnName);
}
复制代码
1.5 运行效果如下
1.6 针对1.3还可以更进一步分离配置写法,可以单独配置成一个config文件
将1.3 <section name="CustomerSingleConfig" type="ConfigDemo.CustomerSingleConfig,ConfigDemo"/>这个节点内容换成如下配置:
<CustomerSingleConfig configSource="CfgFiles\CustomerSingleConfig.config" />
再新一个CfgFiles文件夹在文件里面新增CustomerSingleConfig.config:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 整体截图配置如下:
2、接下来演示一下多级节点
2.1先定义一个子节点类CustomerElement继承ConfigurationElement
复制代码
public class CustomerElement:ConfigurationElement
{
private const string EnablePropertyName = “enabled”;
private const string ConnectionStringPropery = "connectionString";
[ConfigurationProperty(EnablePropertyName, IsRequired = true)]
public bool Enabled
{
get { return (bool)base[EnablePropertyName]; }
set { base[EnablePropertyName] = value; }
}
[ConfigurationProperty(ConnectionStringPropery, IsRequired = true)]
public string ConnectionString
{
get { return (string)base[ConnectionStringPropery]; }
set { base[ConnectionStringPropery] = value; }
}
}
复制代码
2.2再定一个配置节点类CustomerMultiConfig继承ConfigurationSection,和单个节点配置一样
复制代码
namespace ConfigDemo
{
///
/// 多级配置文件自定义节点配置
///
public class CustomerMultiConfig:ConfigurationSection
{
private const string CustomerConfigPropertyName = “CustomerElement”;
///
/// 获取配置信息
///
///
public static CustomerMultiConfig GetConfig()
{
return GetConfig(“CustomerMultiConfig”);
}
///
/// 获取配置信息
///
/// xml节点名称
///
public static CustomerMultiConfig GetConfig(string sectionName)
{
CustomerMultiConfig section = (CustomerMultiConfig)ConfigurationManager.GetSection(sectionName);
if (section == null)
throw new ConfigurationErrorsException(“Section " + sectionName + " is not found.”);
return section;
}
[ConfigurationProperty(CustomerConfigPropertyName)]
public CustomerElement CustomerElementConfig
{
get { return (CustomerElement)base[CustomerConfigPropertyName]; }
set { base[CustomerConfigPropertyName] = value; }
}
}
}
复制代码
2.3 接下就是在app.config------>configuration--------->configSections里面加入CustomerMultiConfig节点,详细步骤和单节点一下 如图配置
2.4 调用获取配置信息代码如下:
Console.WriteLine("---------------------多级配置节点测试-----------------");
Console.WriteLine(“connectionString:” + CustomerMultiConfig.GetConfig().CustomerElementConfig.Enabled);
Console.WriteLine(“enabled:” + CustomerMultiConfig.GetConfig().CustomerElementConfig.ConnectionString);
2.5 运行效果如下图:
3、再演示一下自定义节点配置,可以随意添加配置节点信息
3.1 具体操作步骤类似,代码如下:
复制代码
namespace ConfigDemo
{
public class TestConfigInfo : ConfigurationSection
{
[ConfigurationProperty(“trackers”, IsDefaultCollection = false)]
public trackers Trackers { get { return (trackers)base[“trackers”]; } }
///
/// 获取配置信息
///
///
public static TestConfigInfo GetConfig()
{
return GetConfig(“TestConfigInfo”);
}
///
/// 获取配置信息
///
/// xml节点名称
///
public static TestConfigInfo GetConfig(string sectionName)
{
TestConfigInfo section = (TestConfigInfo)ConfigurationManager.GetSection(sectionName);
if (section == null)
throw new ConfigurationErrorsException(“Section " + sectionName + " is not found.”);
return section;
}
[ConfigurationProperty(“TestName”, IsRequired = false)]
public string TestName
{
get { return (string)base[“TestName”]; }
set { base[“TestName”] = value; }
}
[ConfigurationProperty(“TestID”, IsRequired = false)]
public string TestID
{
get { return (string)base[“TestID”]; }
set { base[“TestID”] = value; }
}
}
public class trackers : ConfigurationElementCollection
{
[ConfigurationProperty("TrackerName", IsRequired = false)]
public string TrackerName
{
get { return (string)base["TrackerName"]; }
set { base["TrackerName"] = value; }
}
protected override ConfigurationElement CreateNewElement()
{
return new tracker();
}
protected override object GetElementKey(ConfigurationElement element)
{
return ((tracker)element).Host;
}
}
public class tracker : ConfigurationElement
{
#region 配置節設置,設定檔中有不能識別的元素、屬性時,使其不報錯
protected override bool OnDeserializeUnrecognizedAttribute(string name, string value)
{
return base.OnDeserializeUnrecognizedAttribute(name, value);
}
protected override bool OnDeserializeUnrecognizedElement(string elementName, System.Xml.XmlReader reader)
{
return base.OnDeserializeUnrecognizedElement(elementName, reader);
}
#endregion
[ConfigurationProperty("Host", DefaultValue = "localhost", IsRequired = true)]
public string Host { get { return this["Host"].ToString(); } }
[ConfigurationProperty("Port", DefaultValue = "22122", IsRequired = true)]
public int Port { get { return (int)this["Port"]; } }
}
}
复制代码
3.2 在CfgFiles新建TestConfigInfo.Config配置文件
复制代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 复制代码 3.3 右键TestConfigInfo.Config属性,选择输出目录为始终复制,这样操作目地是在运行目录下面生成该文件(其他配置文件也需要这样操作)3.4 调用获取配置信息代码如下:
复制代码
Console.WriteLine("---------------------自定义新增节点测试-----------------");
Console.WriteLine(“TestID:” + TestConfigInfo.GetConfig().TestID);
Console.WriteLine(“TestName:” + TestConfigInfo.GetConfig().TestName);
foreach (tracker item in TestConfigInfo.GetConfig().Trackers)
{
Console.WriteLine(“Host:” + item.Host + " Port:" + item.Port);
}
复制代码
3.5 运行效果如下图:
4 系统appSettings配置文件单独建立配置文件
4.1 appconfig配置文件修改截图如下
4.2 system.config配置文件内容如下
4.3 调用方式和没有分开是一样的,如下
Console.WriteLine("---------------------系统自带appSettings配置文件-----------------");
Console.WriteLine(“logLevel:” + System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[“logLevel”]);
Console.WriteLine(“LogType:” + System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[“LogType”]);C#配置文件configSections详解
一、问题需求: 在项目中经常遇到需要写配置文件地方,目的就是不想在程序中关于一些信息写死,发布的时候只需要修改一下配置文件就可以,不需要每次都修改程序,如项目名称、数据库连接字符串、IP端口之类 的;对于小项目或者服务程序,配置信息可以通过系统自带的appSettings进行配置,但大项目或者配置信息太多,如果都用appSettings来配置就感觉比较杂乱,运维人员在修改配置的时候不好修改,而且如果想找某一模块相关或者某一节点配置容易出错,这时如果能分类管理,例如跟数据库相关的写到一个节点里,跟某个业务独立相关的可以也能单独写一个节点上 等等;
二、解决方案:其实 使用.net自带的configSections,将配置信息分块管理,并提供实体类且还能单配置文件管理,这样程序员可以根据业务类型等其他方式分类写入配置文件,运维人员可以针对某一项进行修改部署维护;
三、具体实现:接下来演示一下几种自定义的configSections节点,有单节点配置、多节点配置、自定义节点配置
1、 首先演示一下单节点配置:
1.1 新建一个类继承ConfigurationSection,新增属性及调用方法
复制代码
///
/// 单级自定义配置节点
///
public class CustomerSingleConfig:ConfigurationSection
{
///
/// 获取配置信息
///
///
public static CustomerSingleConfig GetConfig()
{
return GetConfig(“CustomerSingleConfig”);
}
///
/// 获取配置信息
///
///
///
public static CustomerSingleConfig GetConfig(string sectionName)
{
CustomerSingleConfig section = (CustomerSingleConfig)ConfigurationManager.GetSection(sectionName);
if (section == null)
throw new ConfigurationErrorsException(“Section " + sectionName + " is not found.”);
return section;
}
/// <summary>
/// 平台中文名称
/// </summary>
[ConfigurationProperty("PlatChName",DefaultValue = "", IsRequired = true, IsKey = false)]
public string PlatChName
{
get { return (string)this["PlatChName"]; }
set { this["PlatChName"]=value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 平台英文名称
/// </summary>
[ConfigurationProperty("PlatEnName",DefaultValue = "", IsRequired = true, IsKey = false)]
public string PlatEnName
{
get { return (string)this["PlatEnName"]; }
set { this["PlatEnName"] = value; }
}
}
复制代码
1.2 在app.config------>configuration--------->configSections里面加入CustomerSingleConfig节点,如下:
<section name="CustomerSingleConfig" type="ConfigDemo.CustomerSingleConfig,ConfigDemo"/>
1.3 在app.config------>configuration------->新建CustomerSingleConfig里面加入配置信息
1.4 调用获取配置信息
复制代码
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("---------------------单级配置节点测试-----------------");
Console.WriteLine(“PlatChName:” + CustomerSingleConfig.GetConfig().PlatChName);
Console.WriteLine(“PlatEnName:” + CustomerSingleConfig.GetConfig().PlatEnName);
}
复制代码
1.5 运行效果如下
1.6 针对1.3还可以更进一步分离配置写法,可以单独配置成一个config文件
将1.3 <section name="CustomerSingleConfig" type="ConfigDemo.CustomerSingleConfig,ConfigDemo"/>这个节点内容换成如下配置:
<CustomerSingleConfig configSource="CfgFiles\CustomerSingleConfig.config" />
再新一个CfgFiles文件夹在文件里面新增CustomerSingleConfig.config:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 整体截图配置如下:
2、接下来演示一下多级节点
2.1先定义一个子节点类CustomerElement继承ConfigurationElement
复制代码
public class CustomerElement:ConfigurationElement
{
private const string EnablePropertyName = “enabled”;
private const string ConnectionStringPropery = "connectionString";
[ConfigurationProperty(EnablePropertyName, IsRequired = true)]
public bool Enabled
{
get { return (bool)base[EnablePropertyName]; }
set { base[EnablePropertyName] = value; }
}
[ConfigurationProperty(ConnectionStringPropery, IsRequired = true)]
public string ConnectionString
{
get { return (string)base[ConnectionStringPropery]; }
set { base[ConnectionStringPropery] = value; }
}
}
复制代码
2.2再定一个配置节点类CustomerMultiConfig继承ConfigurationSection,和单个节点配置一样
复制代码
namespace ConfigDemo
{
///
/// 多级配置文件自定义节点配置
///
public class CustomerMultiConfig:ConfigurationSection
{
private const string CustomerConfigPropertyName = “CustomerElement”;
///
/// 获取配置信息
///
///
public static CustomerMultiConfig GetConfig()
{
return GetConfig(“CustomerMultiConfig”);
}
///
/// 获取配置信息
///
/// xml节点名称
///
public static CustomerMultiConfig GetConfig(string sectionName)
{
CustomerMultiConfig section = (CustomerMultiConfig)ConfigurationManager.GetSection(sectionName);
if (section == null)
throw new ConfigurationErrorsException(“Section " + sectionName + " is not found.”);
return section;
}
[ConfigurationProperty(CustomerConfigPropertyName)]
public CustomerElement CustomerElementConfig
{
get { return (CustomerElement)base[CustomerConfigPropertyName]; }
set { base[CustomerConfigPropertyName] = value; }
}
}
}
复制代码
2.3 接下就是在app.config------>configuration--------->configSections里面加入CustomerMultiConfig节点,详细步骤和单节点一下 如图配置
2.4 调用获取配置信息代码如下:
Console.WriteLine("---------------------多级配置节点测试-----------------");
Console.WriteLine(“connectionString:” + CustomerMultiConfig.GetConfig().CustomerElementConfig.Enabled);
Console.WriteLine(“enabled:” + CustomerMultiConfig.GetConfig().CustomerElementConfig.ConnectionString);
2.5 运行效果如下图:
3、再演示一下自定义节点配置,可以随意添加配置节点信息
3.1 具体操作步骤类似,代码如下:
复制代码
namespace ConfigDemo
{
public class TestConfigInfo : ConfigurationSection
{
[ConfigurationProperty(“trackers”, IsDefaultCollection = false)]
public trackers Trackers { get { return (trackers)base[“trackers”]; } }
///
/// 获取配置信息
///
///
public static TestConfigInfo GetConfig()
{
return GetConfig(“TestConfigInfo”);
}
///
/// 获取配置信息
///
/// xml节点名称
///
public static TestConfigInfo GetConfig(string sectionName)
{
TestConfigInfo section = (TestConfigInfo)ConfigurationManager.GetSection(sectionName);
if (section == null)
throw new ConfigurationErrorsException(“Section " + sectionName + " is not found.”);
return section;
}
[ConfigurationProperty(“TestName”, IsRequired = false)]
public string TestName
{
get { return (string)base[“TestName”]; }
set { base[“TestName”] = value; }
}
[ConfigurationProperty(“TestID”, IsRequired = false)]
public string TestID
{
get { return (string)base[“TestID”]; }
set { base[“TestID”] = value; }
}
}
public class trackers : ConfigurationElementCollection
{
[ConfigurationProperty("TrackerName", IsRequired = false)]
public string TrackerName
{
get { return (string)base["TrackerName"]; }
set { base["TrackerName"] = value; }
}
protected override ConfigurationElement CreateNewElement()
{
return new tracker();
}
protected override object GetElementKey(ConfigurationElement element)
{
return ((tracker)element).Host;
}
}
public class tracker : ConfigurationElement
{
#region 配置節設置,設定檔中有不能識別的元素、屬性時,使其不報錯
protected override bool OnDeserializeUnrecognizedAttribute(string name, string value)
{
return base.OnDeserializeUnrecognizedAttribute(name, value);
}
protected override bool OnDeserializeUnrecognizedElement(string elementName, System.Xml.XmlReader reader)
{
return base.OnDeserializeUnrecognizedElement(elementName, reader);
}
#endregion
[ConfigurationProperty("Host", DefaultValue = "localhost", IsRequired = true)]
public string Host { get { return this["Host"].ToString(); } }
[ConfigurationProperty("Port", DefaultValue = "22122", IsRequired = true)]
public int Port { get { return (int)this["Port"]; } }
}
}
复制代码
3.2 在CfgFiles新建TestConfigInfo.Config配置文件
复制代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 复制代码 3.3 右键TestConfigInfo.Config属性,选择输出目录为始终复制,这样操作目地是在运行目录下面生成该文件(其他配置文件也需要这样操作)3.4 调用获取配置信息代码如下:
复制代码
Console.WriteLine("---------------------自定义新增节点测试-----------------");
Console.WriteLine(“TestID:” + TestConfigInfo.GetConfig().TestID);
Console.WriteLine(“TestName:” + TestConfigInfo.GetConfig().TestName);
foreach (tracker item in TestConfigInfo.GetConfig().Trackers)
{
Console.WriteLine(“Host:” + item.Host + " Port:" + item.Port);
}
复制代码
3.5 运行效果如下图:
4 系统appSettings配置文件单独建立配置文件
4.1 appconfig配置文件修改截图如下
4.2 system.config配置文件内容如下
4.3 调用方式和没有分开是一样的,如下
Console.WriteLine("---------------------系统自带appSettings配置文件-----------------");
Console.WriteLine(“logLevel:” + System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[“logLevel”]);
Console.WriteLine(“LogType:” + System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[“LogType”]);
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