linux系统编程-线程与进程创建效率比较

序言

linux环境中,线程是由系统调用clone()实现的.

clone()的复制程度高就相当于fork(),clone()的复制程度低就相当于pthread_create().

fork()创建子进程时复制了父进程的内存空间,所以父子进程资源访问较远.

线程与线程组首线程共享同一内存空间,所以线程组首线程和线程组弟线程资源访问近.

那么按理说线程的创建效率应该比进程的创建效率高,来实验下.

创建2000个进程

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
    unsigned int process_num_created = 0;
    unsigned int process_num_need = 2000;
    pid_t pid = -1;
    time_t time_start = 0;
    time_t time_end = 0;
    time_start = time(NULL);
    for (;;)
    {
        if (process_num_need < 1)
        {
            break;
        }
        pid = fork();
        // 父进程产生子进程失败
        if (pid == -1)
        {
            fprintf(stderr,"fork() error\n");
            break;
        }
        // 子进程
        else if (pid == 0)
        {
            exit(0);
        }
        // 父进程
        else
        {
            process_num_need--;
            process_num_created++;
            continue;
        }
    }
    time_end = time(NULL);
    fprintf(stdout,"process_num_created:%d,time_deta:%ld\n",process_num_created,(time_end - time_start));
    exit(0);
}

创建2000个线程

#include <time.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void *fun(void *argv)
{
    return(NULL);
}

int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
    unsigned int pthread_num_created = 0;
    unsigned int pthread_num_need = 2000;
    pthread_t tid;
    int ret = -1;
    time_t time_start = 0;
    time_t time_end = 0;
    time_start = time(NULL);
    for (;;)
    {
        if (pthread_num_need < 1)
        {
            break;
        }
        ret = pthread_create(&tid,NULL,fun,NULL);
        if (ret != 0)
        {
            fprintf(stderr,"pthread_create error\n");
            break;
        }
        else
        {
            pthread_num_need--;
            pthread_num_created++;
            continue;
        }
    }
    time_end = time(NULL);
    fprintf(stdout,"pthread_num_created:%d,time_deta:%ld\n",pthread_num_created,(time_end - time_start));
    exit(0);
}

现象

 环境是wsl,果然如此.