gpio操作:libgpiod 底层是Ioctl系统调用实现 参考代码:libgpiod/libgpiod.git - C library and tools for interacting with the linux GPIO character device (kernel.org)
i2c操作:libi2c 底层是Ioctl系统调用实现 参考代码:Index of /pub/software/utils/i2c-tools/ (kernel.org)
pwm操作:sysfs接口 read/write
摄像头操作:v4l2 iotcl接口
声卡操作:alsa iotcl接口
dma操作:ioctl