RabbitMQ通信方式之RPC

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-03 20:37:14 发布

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分类专栏： RabbitMQ 文章标签： java-rabbitmq rabbitmq rpc Powered by 金山文档

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45074479/article/details/129477009

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RabbitMQ通信方式之RPC

RPC通信方式结构图

在RabbitMQ中，使用RPC通信方式的应用程序被称为RPC客户端，而提供服务的应用程序被称为RPC服务器。当RPC客户端发送请求时，消息属性要设置上reply_to的回调队列，且将一个唯一的标识符（correlation_id）作为消息的一部分发送给RPC服务器。RPC服务器在处理请求并生成响应时，将使用该唯一标识符将响应发送回RPC客户端。

reply_to：当客户端发送一个RPC请求时，它需要告诉RPC服务器如何将响应消息发送回客户端。reply_to字段用于指定一个用于接收响应的队列名称，RPC服务器将在该队列上发送响应消息。如果客户端没有指定reply_to字段，则RPC服务器将无法发送响应消息。

correlation_id：correlation_id字段用于将RPC请求和响应消息进行匹配。当客户端发送一个RPC请求时，它应该生成一个唯一的correlation_id值，并将其包含在请求消息中。当RPC服务器生成响应消息时，它应该使用相同的correlation_id值将响应消息发送回客户端。客户端将使用correlation_id值来将响应消息与先前发送的请求消息进行匹配。

添加RabbitMQ和Junit工具栏的maven依赖

<!--rabbitmq-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
    <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>5.12.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--junit-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.12</version>
</dependency>

创建一个构建连接的工具类

public class RabbitMQConnectionUtil {
    public static final String RABBITMQ_HOST = "xxx.xx.xxx.xxx";   //设置你自己的RabbitMQ服务ip
    public static final int RABBITMQ_PORT = 5672;
    public static final String RABBITMQ_USERNAME = "guest";
    public static final String RABBITMQ_PASSWORD = "guest";
    public static final String RABBITMQ_VIRTUAL_HOST = "/";
    /**
     * 构建RabbitMQ的连接对象
     */
        public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception {
        //1. 创建Connection工厂
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();

        //2. 设置RabbitMQ的连接信息
        factory.setHost(RABBITMQ_HOST);
        factory.setPort(RABBITMQ_PORT);
        factory.setUsername(RABBITMQ_USERNAME);
        factory.setPassword(RABBITMQ_PASSWORD);
        factory.setVirtualHost(RABBITMQ_VIRTUAL_HOST);

        //3. 返回连接对象
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        return connection;
    }

创建客户端并启动

public class Producer {

    public static final String QUEUE_PRODUCER = "rpc_producer";
    public static final String QUEUE_CONSUMER = "rpc_consumer";

    @Test
    public void producer() throws Exception{
        //1. 获取连接对象
        Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();

        //2. 构建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //3. 构建队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_PRODUCER,false,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_CONSUMER,false,false,false,null);

        //4. 发布消息
        String message = "Hello RPC!";
        String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();

        AMQP.BasicProperties props = new AMQP.BasicProperties()
                .builder()
                .replyTo(QUEUE_CONSUMER)
                .correlationId(uuid)
                .build();
        channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_PRODUCER,props,message.getBytes());
        //5. 监听回调的队列
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_CONSUMER,false,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String id = properties.getCorrelationId();
                if(id != null && id.equalsIgnoreCase(uuid)){
                    System.out.println("接收到服务端的响应: " + new String(body,"UTF-8"));
                }
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
            }
        });
        System.out.println("消息发送成功！");

        System.in.read();
    }

}

创建服务端并启动

public class Consumer {

    public static final String QUEUE_PUBLISHER = "rpc_producer";
    public static final String QUEUE_CONSUMER = "rpc_consumer";

    @Test
    public void consume() throws Exception {
        //1. 获取连接对象
        Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();

        //2. 构建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //3. 构建队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_PUBLISHER,false,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_CONSUMER,false,false,false,null);


        //4. 监听消息
        DefaultConsumer callback = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("消费者获取到消息: " + new String(body,"UTF-8"));
                String resp = "获取到了client发出的请求，这里是响应的信息";
                String respQueueName = properties.getReplyTo();
                String uuid = properties.getCorrelationId();
                AMQP.BasicProperties props = new AMQP.BasicProperties()
                        .builder()
                        .correlationId(uuid)
                        .build();
                channel.basicPublish("",respQueueName,props,resp.getBytes());
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_PUBLISHER,false,callback);
        System.out.println("开始监听队列");

        System.in.read();
    }
}