python/pygame 小游戏

打砖块游戏文档

目的： 培养编程兴趣，锻炼编程思维，了解python语言。
学习方法：看完视频后练习，遇到阻碍，请教；（百度，开发同行）
关键三问：是什么，为什么，怎么做。
打砖块游戏：
是什么：打砖块游戏
为什么：娱乐中学习
怎么做：1.分析需求 2.用代码实现需求（编程）

一．分析需求：

1.What：实现打砖块的游戏，应该要哪些元素
2.Why：了解清楚了需求，才能够对症下药
3.How: 总体为：物体实现动作。
物体：建立类 方便管理
1.板 长 宽 色
2.球 直径 色
3.砖 长 宽 色
4.窗口 大小 颜色
5.分数
动作：板打球 球碰砖 砖减少
6.碰撞
7.游戏结束
8.游戏胜利

二、代码实现需求

(1)重点：
1.理解整体逻辑
2.理解类 是什么 为什么 怎么做

(2)需要：
1.Python的pygame工具包
2.python
编程语言；
我熟悉，语言简洁；
除了游戏之外可以做：web开发，自动化测试，自动化运维，爬虫，数据分析
3.pygame
用pyhton语言编写的一个工具包；方便实现游戏；参考官方文档，学习视频等。
使用pygame做游戏开发工作，当做吃饭的工具，NO；
作为python语言的入门，YES。

(3)安装环境
1.安装python 语言包
https://www.cnblogs.com/lvtaohome/p/11121377.html
2.安装代码编辑工具 IDE；
https://www.cnblogs.com/du-hong/p/10244304.html
3.安装pygame
https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/295430f19d94b90c7f005045.html

最后游戏完成之后需要打包
生成 xxx.exe 文件，直接在windows系统运行。
1.下载pyinstaller
pycharm的终端中（terminal），game.py 同目录下，执行下列命令：

pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pyinstaller

2.执行语句

pyinstaller -F -w  game.py

更多文件的打包参考如下：
https://www.cnblogs.com/apolloren/p/11245340.html

# 导入模块
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
import sys, random, time, math


# 窗口
class GameWindow(object):
    '''创建游戏窗口类'''

    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
        self.window_length = 600
        self.window_wide = 400
        # 绘制游戏窗口，设置窗口尺寸
        self.game_window = pygame.display.set_mode((self.window_length, self.window_wide))
        # 设置游戏窗口标题
        pygame.display.set_caption("CatchBallGame")
        # 定义游戏窗口背景颜色参数
        self.window_color = (255, 206, 250)

    def backgroud(self):
        # 绘制游戏窗口背景颜色
        self.game_window.fill(self.window_color)

# 球
class Ball(object):
    '''创建球类'''

    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
        # 设置球的半径、颜色、移动速度参数
        self.ball_color = (100, 100, 100)
        self.move_x = 2
        self.move_y = 2
        self.radius = 20

    def ballready(self):
        # 设置球的初始位置、
        self.ball_x = self.mouse_x
        self.ball_y = self.window_wide - self.rect_wide - self.radius
        # 绘制球，设置反弹触发条件
        pygame.draw.circle(self.game_window, self.ball_color, (self.ball_x, self.ball_y), self.radius)

    def ballmove(self):
        # 绘制球，设置反弹触发条件
        pygame.draw.circle(self.game_window, self.ball_color, (self.ball_x, self.ball_y), self.radius)
        self.ball_x += self.move_x
        self.ball_y -= self.move_y
        # 调用碰撞检测函数
        self.ball_window()
        self.ball_rect()
        # 每接5次球球速增加一倍
        if self.distance < self.radius:
            self.frequency += 1
            if self.frequency == 5:
                self.frequency = 0
                if  self.move_x <13:
                    self.move_x += 2
                    self.move_y += 2
                self.point += self.point
        # 设置游戏失败条件
        if self.ball_y > 520:
            self.gameover = self.over_font.render("Game Over", False, (0, 0, 0))
            self.game_window.blit(self.gameover, (50, 130))
            self.over_sign = 1


# 球拍类
class Rect(object):
    '''创建球拍类'''

    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
        # 设置球拍颜色参数
        self.rect_color = (255, 0, 0)
        self.rect_length = 100
        self.rect_wide = 10

    def rectmove(self):
        # 获取鼠标位置参数
        self.mouse_x, self.mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
        # 绘制球拍，限定横向边界
        if self.mouse_x >= self.window_length - self.rect_length // 2:
            self.mouse_x = self.window_length - self.rect_length // 2
        if self.mouse_x <= self.rect_length // 2:
            self.mouse_x = self.rect_length // 2
        pygame.draw.rect(self.game_window, self.rect_color, (
            (self.mouse_x - self.rect_length // 2), (self.window_wide - self.rect_wide), self.rect_length,
            self.rect_wide))


# 砖块颜色
class Brick(object):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
        # 设置砖块颜色参数
        self.brick_color = (0, 0, 255)
        self.brick_list = [
            [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
            [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
            [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]]
        # self.brick_list = [
        #     [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0],  [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0],
        #     [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0],  [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0],
        #     [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0]]
        self.brick_length = 80
        self.brick_wide = 20

    def brickarrange(self):
        for i in range(5):
            for j in range(6):
                self.brick_x = j * (self.brick_length + 24)
                self.brick_y = i * (self.brick_wide + 20) + 40
                if self.brick_list[i][j] == 1:
                    # 绘制砖块
                    pygame.draw.rect(self.game_window, self.brick_color,
                                     (self.brick_x, self.brick_y, self.brick_length, self.brick_wide))
                    # 调用碰撞检测函数
                    self.ball_brick()
                    if self.distanceb < self.radius:
                        self.brick_list[i][j] = 0
                        self.score += self.point
        # 设置游戏胜利条件
        #print(self.brick_list)
        if self.brick_list == [
                                [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
                                [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
                                [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
                                ]:
            self.win = self.win_font.render("You Win", False, (100, 100, 100))
            self.game_window.blit(self.win, (100, 130))
            self.win_sign = 1

# 创建分数类
class Score(object):
    '''创建分数类'''

    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
        # 设置初始分数
        self.score = 0
        # 设置分数字体
        self.score_font = pygame.font.SysFont('arial', 20)
        # 设置初始加分点数
        self.point = 1
        # 设置初始接球次数
        self.frequency = 0

    def countscore(self):
        # 绘制玩家分数
        my_score = self.score_font.render(str(self.score), False, (255, 255, 255))
        self.game_window.blit(my_score, (555, 15))

# 创建游戏结束类
class GameOver(object):
    '''创建游戏结束类'''

    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
        # 设置Game Over字体
        self.over_font = pygame.font.SysFont('arial', 100)
        # 定义GameOver标识
        self.over_sign = 0

# 创建游戏胜利类
class Win(object):
    '''创建游戏胜利类'''

    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
        # 设置You Win字体
        self.win_font = pygame.font.SysFont('arial', 80)
        # 定义Win标识
        self.win_sign = 0

# 碰撞检测类
class Collision(object):
    '''碰撞检测类'''

    # 球与窗口边框的碰撞检测
    def ball_window(self):
        if self.ball_x <= self.radius or self.ball_x >= (self.window_length - self.radius):
            self.move_x = -self.move_x
        if self.ball_y <= self.radius:
            self.move_y = -self.move_y

    # 球与球拍的碰撞检测
    def ball_rect(self):
        # 定义碰撞标识
        self.collision_sign_x = 0
        self.collision_sign_y = 0

        if self.ball_x < (self.mouse_x - self.rect_length // 2):
            self.closestpoint_x = self.mouse_x - self.rect_length // 2
            self.collision_sign_x = 1
        elif self.ball_x > (self.mouse_x + self.rect_length // 2):
            self.closestpoint_x = self.mouse_x + self.rect_length // 2
            self.collision_sign_x = 2
        else:
            self.closestpoint_x = self.ball_x
            self.collision_sign_x = 3

        if self.ball_y < (self.window_wide - self.rect_wide):
            self.closestpoint_y = (self.window_wide - self.rect_wide)
            self.collision_sign_y = 1
        elif self.ball_y > self.window_wide:
            self.closestpoint_y = self.window_wide
            self.collision_sign_y = 2
        else:
            self.closestpoint_y = self.ball_y
            self.collision_sign_y = 3
        # 定义球拍到圆心最近点与圆心的距离
        self.distance = math.sqrt(
            math.pow(self.closestpoint_x - self.ball_x, 2) + math.pow(self.closestpoint_y - self.ball_y, 2))
        # 球在球拍上左、上中、上右3种情况的碰撞检测
        if self.distance < self.radius and self.collision_sign_y == 1 and (
                self.collision_sign_x == 1 or self.collision_sign_x == 2):
            if self.collision_sign_x == 1 and self.move_x > 0:
                self.move_x = - self.move_x
                self.move_y = - self.move_y
            if self.collision_sign_x == 1 and self.move_x < 0:
                self.move_y = - self.move_y
            if self.collision_sign_x == 2 and self.move_x < 0:
                self.move_x = - self.move_x
                self.move_y = - self.move_y
            if self.collision_sign_x == 2 and self.move_x > 0:
                self.move_y = - self.move_y
        if self.distance < self.radius and self.collision_sign_y == 1 and self.collision_sign_x == 3:
            self.move_y = - self.move_y
        # 球在球拍左、右两侧中间的碰撞检测
        if self.distance < self.radius and self.collision_sign_y == 3:
            self.move_x = - self.move_x

    # 球与砖块的碰撞检测
    def ball_brick(self):
        # 定义碰撞标识
        self.collision_sign_bx = 0
        self.collision_sign_by = 0

        if self.ball_x < self.brick_x:
            self.closestpoint_bx = self.brick_x
            self.collision_sign_bx = 1
        elif self.ball_x > self.brick_x + self.brick_length:
            self.closestpoint_bx = self.brick_x + self.brick_length
            self.collision_sign_bx = 2
        else:
            self.closestpoint_bx = self.ball_x
            self.collision_sign_bx = 3

        if self.ball_y < self.brick_y:
            self.closestpoint_by = self.brick_y
            self.collision_sign_by = 1
        elif self.ball_y > self.brick_y + self.brick_wide:
            self.closestpoint_by = self.brick_y + self.brick_wide
            self.collision_sign_by = 2
        else:
            self.closestpoint_by = self.ball_y
            self.collision_sign_by = 3
        # 定义砖块到圆心最近点与圆心的距离
        self.distanceb = math.sqrt(
            math.pow(self.closestpoint_bx - self.ball_x, 2) + math.pow(self.closestpoint_by - self.ball_y, 2))
        # 球在砖块上左、上中、上右3种情况的碰撞检测
        if self.distanceb < self.radius and self.collision_sign_by == 1 and (
                self.collision_sign_bx == 1 or self.collision_sign_bx == 2):
            if self.collision_sign_bx == 1 and self.move_x > 0:
                self.move_x = - self.move_x
                self.move_y = - self.move_y
            if self.collision_sign_bx == 1 and self.move_x < 0:
                self.move_y = - self.move_y
            if self.collision_sign_bx == 2 and self.move_x < 0:
                self.move_x = - self.move_x
                self.move_y = - self.move_y
            if self.collision_sign_bx == 2 and self.move_x > 0:
                self.move_y = - self.move_y
        if self.distanceb < self.radius and self.collision_sign_by == 1 and self.collision_sign_bx == 3:
            self.move_y = - self.move_y
        # 球在砖块下左、下中、下右3种情况的碰撞检测
        if self.distanceb < self.radius and self.collision_sign_by == 2 and (
                self.collision_sign_bx == 1 or self.collision_sign_bx == 2):
            if self.collision_sign_bx == 1 and self.move_x > 0:
                self.move_x = - self.move_x
                self.move_y = - self.move_y
            if self.collision_sign_bx == 1 and self.move_x < 0:
                self.move_y = - self.move_y
            if self.collision_sign_bx == 2 and self.move_x < 0:
                self.move_x = - self.move_x
                self.move_y = - self.move_y
            if self.collision_sign_bx == 2 and self.move_x > 0:
                self.move_y = - self.move_y
        if self.distanceb < self.radius and self.collision_sign_by == 2 and self.collision_sign_bx == 3:
            self.move_y = - self.move_y
        # 球在砖块左、右两侧中间的碰撞检测
        if self.distanceb < self.radius and self.collision_sign_by == 3:
            self.move_x = - self.move_x

# 创建主程序类
class Main(GameWindow, Rect, Ball, Brick, Collision, Score, Win, GameOver):
    '''创建主程序类'''
    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
        super(Main, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
        super(GameWindow, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
        super(Rect, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
        super(Ball, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
        super(Brick, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
        super(Collision, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
        super(Score, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
        super(Win, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
        # 定义游戏开始标识
        start_sign = 0

        while True:
            self.backgroud()
            self.rectmove()
            self.countscore()


            # 获取游戏窗口状态
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    sys.exit()
                if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                    pressed_array = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
                    if pressed_array[0]:
                        start_sign = 1

            if start_sign == 0:
                self.ballready()
            else:
                self.ballmove()

            self.brickarrange()

            # 更新游戏窗口
            pygame.display.update()
            # 控制游戏窗口刷新频率
            time.sleep(0.010)
            if self.over_sign == 1 or self.win_sign == 1:
                self.backgroud()
                self.rectmove()
                self.countscore()

                self.brickarrange()
                self.ballmove()
                pygame.display.update()
                time.sleep(10)
                break

if __name__ == '__main__':
    pygame.init()
    pygame.font.init()
    catchball = Main()