基于pyqtgraph及opengl绘制二维、三维散点动图

实现方式：调用pyqtgraph.opengl模块里面的GLViewWidget初始化三维绘图空间，调用GLScatterPlotItem绘制三维空间中的散点，调用GLLinePlotItem绘制三维空间中的散点连线；调用pyqtgraph模块里面的PlotWidget初始化二维绘图空间，调用ScatterPlotItem 绘制二维空间中的散点，调用PlotDataItem绘制二维空间中的连线。最后通过QTimer定时刷新散点图。

代码：

# coding=utf-8
# python3
"""
@FileName：基于pyqtgraph 绘制二维 三维散点动图.py
@Author: XiaoFang
@CreateFileTime: 2024/6/26 18:53
@Description: pyqtgraph==0.12.4  python==3.8.12  numpy==1.22.4  pyqt5==5.12.4
"""


import sys

import numpy as np
import pyqtgraph.opengl as gl

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QHBoxLayout
from PyQt5.QtCore import QTimer
from pyqtgraph import PlotWidget, PlotDataItem, ScatterPlotItem, mkPen, mkBrush


class MyWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(MyWidget, self).__init__(parent)
        self.connect_rules = [0, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 7, 8, 9, 8, 7, 3, 7, 13, 14, 15, 14, 
                              13, 16, 17, 16, 10, 4, 10, 11, 12]  # 散点连线规则
        self.pos = np.empty((18, 3))  
        self.pos[:] = [(0, 2, 5), (0, -2, 5), (2, 0, 7), (5, 0, 6), (8, 3, 4), (7, 5, 2), (6, 7, 0), (8, -3, 4),
                       (7, -5, 2), (6, -7, 0), (12, 3, 4), (11, 5, 2), (10, 7, 0), (12, -3, 4),
                       (11, -5, 2), (10, -7, 0), (12, 0, 4), (13, 0, 1)]  # 初始化散点坐标
        self.color = [(10, 36, 45, 255), (32, 120, 186, 255), (50, 25, 28, 255), (79, 182, 62, 255), (90, 27, 32, 255),
                      (48, 129, 196, 255), (255, 127, 0, 255), (255, 119, 129, 255), (58, 157, 47, 255), 
                      (124, 85, 147, 255), (38, 123, 191, 255), (235, 154, 100, 255), (207, 179, 205, 255),
                      (127, 185, 158, 255), (235, 40, 50, 255), (250, 180, 108, 255), (250, 200, 120, 255), 
                      (250, 220, 140, 255)]  # 散点颜色

        self.init_ui()
        self.timer = QTimer(self)
        self.timer.timeout.connect(self._init_view)  # 绑定定时器与更新函数
        self.timer.start(100)  # 设置定时器周期为100ms

    def init_ui(self):
        layout = QHBoxLayout(self)
        view_widget = gl.GLViewWidget()  # 三维视图
        layout.addWidget(view_widget, 10)

        grid = gl.GLGridItem()  # 设置网格
        grid.setSpacing(50, 50, 50)
        grid.setSize(x=200, y=200, z=100)
        view_widget.setCameraPosition(distance=100, elevation=45, azimuth=45)
        view_widget.addItem(grid)

        plot_widget = PlotWidget()  # 二维绘图
        layout.addWidget(plot_widget, 10)
        plot_widget.setXRange(-100, 100)
        plot_widget.setYRange(-100, 100)

        self.gl_scatter_item = gl.GLScatterPlotItem(pos=np.array([[0, 0, 0]] * len(self.color)), size=10, 
                                                    color=np.array(self.color) / 255)  # 初始化三维散点Item
        self.gl_line_item = gl.GLLinePlotItem(pos=np.array([0, 0, 0]), color=(1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1))  # 初始化三维散点连线Item
        view_widget.addItem(self.gl_scatter_item)
        view_widget.addItem(self.gl_line_item)

        self.scatter_item = ScatterPlotItem(pos=np.array([[0, 0]] * len(self.color)), size=10,
                                            pen=[mkPen(color) for color in self.color],
                                            brush=[mkBrush(color) for color in self.color])   # 初始化二维散点连线Item
        plot_widget.addItem(self.scatter_item)
        self.lint_item = PlotDataItem(np.array([0, 0]), pen=mkPen((255, 0, 0, 255)),
                                      width=1.5, antialias=False)  # 初始化二维散点连线Item
        plot_widget.addItem(self.lint_item)

    # 更新散点坐标
    def _init_view(self):
        self.pos = self.pos + np.array([1, 0, 0])   # 每次更新后散点 X坐标都加1
        self.gl_scatter_item.setData(pos=self.pos)
        line = [self.pos[i] for i in self.connect_rules]  # 三维散点连线
        self.gl_line_item.setData(pos=np.array(line))
        pos_2d = self.pos[:, :2]   # 只保留二维坐标
        self.scatter_item.setData(pos=pos_2d, brush=[mkBrush(color) for color in self.color])
        line_2d = [pos_2d[i] for i in self.connect_rules]  # 二维散点连线
        self.lint_item.setData(np.array(line_2d))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    widget = MyWidget()
    widget.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

运行效果：

基于pyqtgraph及opengl绘制二维 三维散点动图