串口最重要的是代码编写,对于串口的配置尤为重要。
1,初始化串口需要用到的GPIO
GPIO初始化时,TX用的是推挽复用模式,RX位浮空输入。
2,初始化串口,USART_InitTypeDef
波特率:115200
字长:USART_WordLength_8b
停止位:USART_StopBits_1
校验位:USART_Parity_No
硬件流控制:USART_HardwareFlowControl_None
配置工作模式,收发一起:USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx
3,中断配置(接收中断,中断优先级)
NVIC_Configuration();//中断优先级配置
USART_ITConfig(DEBUG_USARTx, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);//使能串口接收中断
4,使能串口
USART_Cmd(DEBUG_USARTx, ENABLE);
void USART_Config(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;//定义GPIO配置结构体
USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;//串口引脚配置结构体
DEBUG_USART_GPIO_APBxClkCmd(DEBUG_USART_GPIO_CLK, ENABLE);//打开串口GPIO的时钟
DEBUG_USART_APBxClkCmd(DEBUG_USART_CLK, ENABLE);//打开串口外设时钟
//串口GPIO配置
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = DEBUG_USART_TX_GPIO_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(DEBUG_USART_TX_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = DEBUG_USART_RX_GPIO_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
GPIO_Init(DEBUG_USART_RX_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);
USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = DEBUG_USART_BAUDRATE;
USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No ;
USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
USART_Init(DEBUG_USARTx, &USART_InitStructure);
NVIC_Configuration();
USART_ITConfig(DEBUG_USARTx, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
USART_Cmd(DEBUG_USARTx, ENABLE);//配置控制寄存器UE,使串口打开
}
5,编写发送和接收函数
void Usart_SendByte( USART_TypeDef * pUSARTx, uint8_t ch)
{
USART_SendData(pUSARTx,ch);
while (USART_GetFlagStatus(pUSARTx, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
}
void Usart_SendArray( USART_TypeDef * pUSARTx, uint8_t *array, uint16_t num)
{
uint8_t i;
for(i=0; i<num; i++)
{
Usart_SendByte(pUSARTx,array[i]);
}
while(USART_GetFlagStatus(pUSARTx,USART_FLAG_TC)==RESET);
}
void Usart_SendString( USART_TypeDef * pUSARTx, char *str)
{
unsigned int k=0;
do
{
Usart_SendByte( pUSARTx, *(str + k) );
k++;
} while(*(str + k)!='\0');
while(USART_GetFlagStatus(pUSARTx,USART_FLAG_TC)==RESET)
{}
}
void Usart_SendHalfWord( USART_TypeDef * pUSARTx, uint16_t ch)
{
uint8_t temp_h, temp_l;
temp_h = (ch&0XFF00)>>8;
temp_l = ch&0XFF;
USART_SendData(pUSARTx,temp_h);
while (USART_GetFlagStatus(pUSARTx, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
USART_SendData(pUSARTx,temp_l);
while (USART_GetFlagStatus(pUSARTx, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
}
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
USART_SendData(DEBUG_USARTx, (uint8_t) ch);
while (USART_GetFlagStatus(DEBUG_USARTx, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
return (ch);
}
int fgetc(FILE *f)
{
while (USART_GetFlagStatus(DEBUG_USARTx, USART_FLAG_RXNE) == RESET);
return (int)USART_ReceiveData(DEBUG_USARTx);
}
6,编写中断服务函数
当上位机发送给单片机信息时,单片机产生中断将接收到的信息再次发送给上位机。此时要配置中断优先级。
static void NVIC_Configuration(void)
{
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = DEBUG_USART_IRQ;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
}
通过USB转串口可与上位机进行通讯。