stm32专题十一：USART（三）初始化结构体和标准库函数分析

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-27 23:44:46 发布

小小刘木子

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-27 23:44:46 发布

阅读量5.5k

点赞数 4

分类专栏： stm32专栏

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dingyc_ee/article/details/98666448

版权

stm32专栏专栏收录该内容

84 篇文章 148 订阅

订阅专栏

在之前的博客中分析了stm32串口的结构，和详细的发送、接受过程。现在来分析固件库中对于USART的标准函数

typedef struct
{
  uint32_t USART_BaudRate;            // 波特率

  uint16_t USART_WordLength;          // 帧数据长度（8位还是9位）

  uint16_t USART_StopBits;            // 停止位

  uint16_t USART_Parity;              // 校验
 
  uint16_t USART_Mode;                // 模式：单收、单发或收发

  uint16_t USART_HardwareFlowControl; // 硬件流控
} USART_InitTypeDef;

固件库中初始化函数，就是往前一篇博客中提到的控制寄存器USART_CR1 USART_CR2中写入相应的数据，并计算波特率的值，然后写入BRR寄存器。

/**
  * @brief  Initializes the USARTx peripheral according to the specified
  *         parameters in the USART_InitStruct .
  * @param  USARTx: Select the USART or the UART peripheral. 
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *   USART1, USART2, USART3, UART4 or UART5.
  * @param  USART_InitStruct: pointer to a USART_InitTypeDef structure
  *         that contains the configuration information for the specified USART 
  *         peripheral.
  * @retval None
  */
void USART_Init(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, USART_InitTypeDef* USART_InitStruct)
{
  uint32_t tmpreg = 0x00, apbclock = 0x00;
  uint32_t integerdivider = 0x00;
  uint32_t fractionaldivider = 0x00;
  uint32_t usartxbase = 0;
  RCC_ClocksTypeDef RCC_ClocksStatus;

  /* The hardware flow control is available only for USART1, USART2 and USART3 */
  // 硬件流控只有在USART中才能使用，UART中不能用
  if (USART_InitStruct->USART_HardwareFlowControl != USART_HardwareFlowControl_None)
  {
    assert_param(IS_USART_123_PERIPH(USARTx));
  }

  usartxbase = (uint32_t)USARTx;

/*---------------------------- USART CR2 Configuration -----------------------*/
  // 先保存USART_CR2寄存器的状态
  tmpreg = USARTx->CR2;
  /* Clear STOP[13:12] bits */
  // 清除CR2的停止位，其他位保持不变
  tmpreg &= CR2_STOP_CLEAR_Mask;
  /* Configure the USART Stop Bits, Clock, CPOL, CPHA and LastBit ------------*/
  /* Set STOP[13:12] bits according to USART_StopBits value */
  // 根据配置的停止位，写入到相应的位置
  tmpreg |= (uint32_t)USART_InitStruct->USART_StopBits;
  
  /* Write to USART CR2 */
  // 八停止位配置写进CR2寄存器
  USARTx->CR2 = (uint16_t)tmpreg;

/*---------------------------- USART CR1 Configuration -----------------------*/
  tmpreg = USARTx->CR1;
  /* Clear M, PCE, PS, TE and RE bits */
  // 清除字长、校验、校验使能、发送和接收使能的位，再根据配置写入
  tmpreg &= CR1_CLEAR_Mask;
  /* Configure the USART Word Length, Parity and mode ----------------------- */
  /* Set the M bits according to USART_WordLength value */
  /* Set PCE and PS bits according to USART_Parity value */
  /* Set TE and RE bits according to USART_Mode value */
  tmpreg |= (uint32_t)USART_InitStruct->USART_WordLength | USART_InitStruct->USART_Parity |
            USART_InitStruct->USART_Mode;
  /* Write to USART CR1 */
  // 把配置的字长、校验、模式写入到CR1寄存器
  USARTx->CR1 = (uint16_t)tmpreg;

/*---------------------------- USART CR3 Configuration -----------------------*/  
  tmpreg = USARTx->CR3;
  /* Clear CTSE and RTSE bits */
  // 清除串口的发送、接收硬件流控
  tmpreg &= CR3_CLEAR_Mask;
  /* Configure the USART HFC -------------------------------------------------*/
  /* Set CTSE and RTSE bits according to USART_HardwareFlowControl value */
  tmpreg |= USART_InitStruct->USART_HardwareFlowControl;
  /* Write to USART CR3 */
  // 把配置的硬件流控制写入到CR3寄存器（通常不适用硬件流控）
  USARTx->CR3 = (uint16_t)tmpreg;

/*---------------------------- USART BRR Configuration -----------------------*/
  /* Configure the USART Baud Rate -------------------------------------------*/
  RCC_GetClocksFreq(&RCC_ClocksStatus);
  if (usartxbase == USART1_BASE)
  {
    apbclock = RCC_ClocksStatus.PCLK2_Frequency;
  }
  else
  {
    apbclock = RCC_ClocksStatus.PCLK1_Frequency;
  }
  
  /* Determine the integer part */
  if ((USARTx->CR1 & CR1_OVER8_Set) != 0)
  {
    /* Integer part computing in case Oversampling mode is 8 Samples */
    integerdivider = ((25 * apbclock) / (2 * (USART_InitStruct->USART_BaudRate)));    
  }
  else /* if ((USARTx->CR1 & CR1_OVER8_Set) == 0) */
  {
    /* Integer part computing in case Oversampling mode is 16 Samples */
    integerdivider = ((25 * apbclock) / (4 * (USART_InitStruct->USART_BaudRate)));    
  }
  tmpreg = (integerdivider / 100) << 4;

  /* Determine the fractional part */
  fractionaldivider = integerdivider - (100 * (tmpreg >> 4));

  /* Implement the fractional part in the register */
  if ((USARTx->CR1 & CR1_OVER8_Set) != 0)
  {
    tmpreg |= ((((fractionaldivider * 8) + 50) / 100)) & ((uint8_t)0x07);
  }
  else /* if ((USARTx->CR1 & CR1_OVER8_Set) == 0) */
  {
    tmpreg |= ((((fractionaldivider * 16) + 50) / 100)) & ((uint8_t)0x0F);
  }
  
  /* Write to USART BRR */
  USARTx->BRR = (uint16_t)tmpreg;
}

接下来是在同步串口通信中使用的结构体，虽然这个用的很少，但学习时还是应该全面，因此也分析一下

typedef struct
{

  uint16_t USART_Clock;   // 时钟使能

  uint16_t USART_CPOL;    // 时钟极性（High或者Low）
                          // 表示串口空闲时时钟是高电平还是低电平

  uint16_t USART_CPHA;    // 时钟相位（USART_CPHA_1Edge或者USART_CPHA_2Edge）
                          // 表示在时钟的第一个边沿采集数据还是第二个边沿采集数据
  // 时钟的极性和相位一定是配合使用的

  uint16_t USART_LastBit; // 选择最后一位数据的时钟会不会发出
} USART_ClockInitTypeDef;

我们再看以一下固件库中的其他常用的配置函数

// 使能串口，配置的是CR1_UE位
void USART_Cmd(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, FunctionalState NewState)
{
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_USART_ALL_PERIPH(USARTx));
  assert_param(IS_FUNCTIONAL_STATE(NewState));
  
  if (NewState != DISABLE)
  {
    /* Enable the selected USART by setting the UE bit in the CR1 register */
    USARTx->CR1 |= CR1_UE_Set;
  }
  else
  {
    /* Disable the selected USART by clearing the UE bit in the CR1 register */
    USARTx->CR1 &= CR1_UE_Reset;
  }
}

// DMA请求
void USART_DMACmd(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, uint16_t USART_DMAReq, FunctionalState NewState)
{
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_USART_ALL_PERIPH(USARTx));
  assert_param(IS_USART_DMAREQ(USART_DMAReq));  
  assert_param(IS_FUNCTIONAL_STATE(NewState)); 
  if (NewState != DISABLE)
  {
    /* Enable the DMA transfer for selected requests by setting the DMAT and/or
       DMAR bits in the USART CR3 register */
    USARTx->CR3 |= USART_DMAReq;
  }
  else
  {
    /* Disable the DMA transfer for selected requests by clearing the DMAT and/or
       DMAR bits in the USART CR3 register */
    USARTx->CR3 &= (uint16_t)~USART_DMAReq;
  }
}

然后是中断配置函数，有很多个中断可以选择。这个函数写的还是有点复杂，仔细看，起始可以发现，基本就是如下过程。通过中断标志，来判断该中断由CR1（偏移地址0X0C）还是CR2（偏移0X10），或者是CR3（偏移0X14）。然后把相应寄存器的中断使能标志位置1。

/**
  * @brief  Enables or disables the specified USART interrupts.
  * @param  USARTx: Select the USART or the UART peripheral. 
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *   USART1, USART2, USART3, UART4 or UART5.
  * @param  USART_IT: specifies the USART interrupt sources to be enabled or disabled.
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *     @arg USART_IT_CTS:  CTS change interrupt (not available for UART4 and UART5)
  *     @arg USART_IT_LBD:  LIN Break detection interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_TXE:  Transmit Data Register empty interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_TC:   Transmission complete interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_RXNE: Receive Data register not empty interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_IDLE: Idle line detection interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_PE:   Parity Error interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_ERR:  Error interrupt(Frame error, noise error, overrun error)
  * @param  NewState: new state of the specified USARTx interrupts.
  *   This parameter can be: ENABLE or DISABLE.
  * @retval None
  */
void USART_ITConfig(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, uint16_t USART_IT, FunctionalState NewState)
{
  uint32_t usartreg = 0x00, itpos = 0x00, itmask = 0x00;
  uint32_t usartxbase = 0x00;
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_USART_ALL_PERIPH(USARTx));
  assert_param(IS_USART_CONFIG_IT(USART_IT));
  assert_param(IS_FUNCTIONAL_STATE(NewState));
  /* The CTS interrupt is not available for UART4 and UART5 */
  if (USART_IT == USART_IT_CTS)
  {
    assert_param(IS_USART_123_PERIPH(USARTx));
  }   
  
  usartxbase = (uint32_t)USARTx;

  /* Get the USART register index */
  usartreg = (((uint8_t)USART_IT) >> 0x05);

  /* Get the interrupt position */
  itpos = USART_IT & IT_Mask;
  itmask = (((uint32_t)0x01) << itpos);
    
  if (usartreg == 0x01) /* The IT is in CR1 register */
  {
    usartxbase += 0x0C;
  }
  else if (usartreg == 0x02) /* The IT is in CR2 register */
  {
    usartxbase += 0x10;
  }
  else /* The IT is in CR3 register */
  {
    usartxbase += 0x14; 
  }
  if (NewState != DISABLE)
  {
    *(__IO uint32_t*)usartxbase  |= itmask;
  }
  else
  {
    *(__IO uint32_t*)usartxbase &= ~itmask;
  }
}

发送数据函数

把要发送的数据，保留后9位不变（8位or9位数据），然后放到CR寄存器中。

/**
  * @brief  Transmits single data through the USARTx peripheral.
  * @param  USARTx: Select the USART or the UART peripheral. 
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *   USART1, USART2, USART3, UART4 or UART5.
  * @param  Data: the data to transmit.
  * @retval None
  */
void USART_SendData(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, uint16_t Data)
{
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_USART_ALL_PERIPH(USARTx));
  assert_param(IS_USART_DATA(Data)); 
    
  /* Transmit Data */
  USARTx->DR = (Data & (uint16_t)0x01FF);
}

接收数据函数

一样的，把CR寄存器中的值，只保留最后9位，然后作为返回值输出。

/**
  * @brief  Returns the most recent received data by the USARTx peripheral.
  * @param  USARTx: Select the USART or the UART peripheral. 
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *   USART1, USART2, USART3, UART4 or UART5.
  * @retval The received data.
  */
uint16_t USART_ReceiveData(USART_TypeDef* USARTx)
{
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_USART_ALL_PERIPH(USARTx));
  
  /* Receive Data */
  return (uint16_t)(USARTx->DR & (uint16_t)0x01FF);
}

接下来看状态标志位获取和清除函数

状态标志位获取函数，其实就是读SR寄存器的相应位啦，太简单了

/**
  * @brief  Checks whether the specified USART flag is set or not.
  * @param  USARTx: Select the USART or the UART peripheral. 
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *   USART1, USART2, USART3, UART4 or UART5.
  * @param  USART_FLAG: specifies the flag to check.
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *     @arg USART_FLAG_CTS:  CTS Change flag (not available for UART4 and UART5)
  *     @arg USART_FLAG_LBD:  LIN Break detection flag
  *     @arg USART_FLAG_TXE:  Transmit data register empty flag
  *     @arg USART_FLAG_TC:   Transmission Complete flag
  *     @arg USART_FLAG_RXNE: Receive data register not empty flag
  *     @arg USART_FLAG_IDLE: Idle Line detection flag
  *     @arg USART_FLAG_ORE:  OverRun Error flag
  *     @arg USART_FLAG_NE:   Noise Error flag
  *     @arg USART_FLAG_FE:   Framing Error flag
  *     @arg USART_FLAG_PE:   Parity Error flag
  * @retval The new state of USART_FLAG (SET or RESET).
  */
FlagStatus USART_GetFlagStatus(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, uint16_t USART_FLAG)
{
  FlagStatus bitstatus = RESET;
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_USART_ALL_PERIPH(USARTx));
  assert_param(IS_USART_FLAG(USART_FLAG));
  /* The CTS flag is not available for UART4 and UART5 */
  if (USART_FLAG == USART_FLAG_CTS)
  {
    assert_param(IS_USART_123_PERIPH(USARTx));
  }  
  
  if ((USARTx->SR & USART_FLAG) != (uint16_t)RESET)
  {
    bitstatus = SET;
  }
  else
  {
    bitstatus = RESET;
  }
  return bitstatus;
}

状态标志位清除函数，其中列出的4中可以通过往SR寄存器写0来清除，其他的一些标志位，在下边也说得很清楚。注意，这些标志位也都能产生中断，所以也会有中断标志位获取和清除函数。

/**
  * @brief  Clears the USARTx's pending flags.
  * @param  USARTx: Select the USART or the UART peripheral. 
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *   USART1, USART2, USART3, UART4 or UART5.
  * @param  USART_FLAG: specifies the flag to clear.
  *   This parameter can be any combination of the following values:
  *     @arg USART_FLAG_CTS:  CTS Change flag (not available for UART4 and UART5).
  *     @arg USART_FLAG_LBD:  LIN Break detection flag.
  *     @arg USART_FLAG_TC:   Transmission Complete flag.
  *     @arg USART_FLAG_RXNE: Receive data register not empty flag.
  *   
  * @note
  *   - PE (Parity error), FE (Framing error), NE (Noise error), ORE (OverRun 
  *     error) and IDLE (Idle line detected) flags are cleared by software 
  *     sequence: a read operation to USART_SR register (USART_GetFlagStatus()) 
  *     followed by a read operation to USART_DR register (USART_ReceiveData()).
  *   - RXNE flag can be also cleared by a read to the USART_DR register 
  *     (USART_ReceiveData()).
  *   - TC flag can be also cleared by software sequence: a read operation to 
  *     USART_SR register (USART_GetFlagStatus()) followed by a write operation
  *     to USART_DR register (USART_SendData()).
  *   - TXE flag is cleared only by a write to the USART_DR register 
  *     (USART_SendData()).
  * @retval None
  */
void USART_ClearFlag(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, uint16_t USART_FLAG)
{
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_USART_ALL_PERIPH(USARTx));
  assert_param(IS_USART_CLEAR_FLAG(USART_FLAG));
  /* The CTS flag is not available for UART4 and UART5 */
  if ((USART_FLAG & USART_FLAG_CTS) == USART_FLAG_CTS)
  {
    assert_param(IS_USART_123_PERIPH(USARTx));
  } 
   
  USARTx->SR = (uint16_t)~USART_FLAG;
}

接下来看中断标志位获取和清除函数

中断获取标志位函数

也是先判断该标志位来自于CR1 \CR2\CR3寄存器，然后读出相应寄存器的位。

/**
  * @brief  Checks whether the specified USART interrupt has occurred or not.
  * @param  USARTx: Select the USART or the UART peripheral. 
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *   USART1, USART2, USART3, UART4 or UART5.
  * @param  USART_IT: specifies the USART interrupt source to check.
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *     @arg USART_IT_CTS:  CTS change interrupt (not available for UART4 and UART5)
  *     @arg USART_IT_LBD:  LIN Break detection interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_TXE:  Tansmit Data Register empty interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_TC:   Transmission complete interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_RXNE: Receive Data register not empty interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_IDLE: Idle line detection interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_ORE:  OverRun Error interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_NE:   Noise Error interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_FE:   Framing Error interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_PE:   Parity Error interrupt
  * @retval The new state of USART_IT (SET or RESET).
  */
ITStatus USART_GetITStatus(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, uint16_t USART_IT)
{
  uint32_t bitpos = 0x00, itmask = 0x00, usartreg = 0x00;
  ITStatus bitstatus = RESET;
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_USART_ALL_PERIPH(USARTx));
  assert_param(IS_USART_GET_IT(USART_IT));
  /* The CTS interrupt is not available for UART4 and UART5 */ 
  if (USART_IT == USART_IT_CTS)
  {
    assert_param(IS_USART_123_PERIPH(USARTx));
  }   
  
  /* Get the USART register index */
  usartreg = (((uint8_t)USART_IT) >> 0x05);
  /* Get the interrupt position */
  itmask = USART_IT & IT_Mask;
  itmask = (uint32_t)0x01 << itmask;
  
  if (usartreg == 0x01) /* The IT  is in CR1 register */
  {
    itmask &= USARTx->CR1;
  }
  else if (usartreg == 0x02) /* The IT  is in CR2 register */
  {
    itmask &= USARTx->CR2;
  }
  else /* The IT  is in CR3 register */
  {
    itmask &= USARTx->CR3;
  }
  
  bitpos = USART_IT >> 0x08;
  bitpos = (uint32_t)0x01 << bitpos;
  bitpos &= USARTx->SR;
  if ((itmask != (uint16_t)RESET)&&(bitpos != (uint16_t)RESET))
  {
    bitstatus = SET;
  }
  else
  {
    bitstatus = RESET;
  }
  
  return bitstatus;  
}

清除中断标志位函数

这个写的非常复杂，里面详细的写了各种中断标志位的清除方式，非常有必要仔细的读一读，非常非常重要。

/**
  * @brief  Clears the USARTx's interrupt pending bits.
  * 清除USART中断悬挂位
  * @param  USARTx: Select the USART or the UART peripheral. 
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *   USART1, USART2, USART3, UART4 or UART5.
  * @param  USART_IT: specifies the interrupt pending bit to clear.
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *     能够直接清除的只有这4钟中断标志位，其他的标志位在下面说明方法
  *     @arg USART_IT_CTS:  CTS change interrupt (not available for UART4 and UART5)
  *     @arg USART_IT_LBD:  LIN Break detection interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_TC:   Transmission complete interrupt. 
  *     @arg USART_IT_RXNE: Receive Data register not empty interrupt.
  *   
  * @note
  *   - PE (Parity error), FE (Framing error), NE (Noise error), ORE (OverRun 
  *     error) and IDLE (Idle line detected) pending bits are cleared by 
  *     software sequence: a read operation to USART_SR register 
  *     (USART_GetITStatus()) followed by a read operation to USART_DR register 
  *     (USART_ReceiveData()).
  *     PE FE NE ORE IDLE的清除方法：
  *     1 读取状态寄存器USART_SR，使用函数USART_GetITStatus()
  *     2 然后读取数据寄存器USART_DR，使用函数USART_ReceiveData()

  *   - RXNE pending bit can be also cleared by a read to the USART_DR register 
  *     (USART_ReceiveData()).
  *    RXNE悬挂位也可以通过读数据寄存器USART_DR，使用函数USART_ReceiveData()

  *   - TC pending bit can be also cleared by software sequence: a read 
  *     operation to USART_SR register (USART_GetITStatus()) followed by a write 
  *     operation to USART_DR register (USART_SendData()).
  *     TC悬挂位也可以通过以下方法清除：
  *     1 读取状态寄存器USART_SR，使用函数USART_GetITStatus()
  *     2 然后写入数据寄存器USART_DR，使用函数USART_SendData()

  *   - TXE pending bit is cleared only by a write to the USART_DR register 
  *     (USART_SendData()).
  *     TXE悬挂位只能通过唯一一种方式清除：写入数据寄存器USART_DR，使用函数USART_SendData()

  * @retval None
  */
void USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, uint16_t USART_IT)
{
  uint16_t bitpos = 0x00, itmask = 0x00;
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_USART_ALL_PERIPH(USARTx));
  assert_param(IS_USART_CLEAR_IT(USART_IT));
  /* The CTS interrupt is not available for UART4 and UART5 */
  if (USART_IT == USART_IT_CTS)
  {
    assert_param(IS_USART_123_PERIPH(USARTx));
  }   
  
  bitpos = USART_IT >> 0x08;
  itmask = ((uint16_t)0x01 << (uint16_t)bitpos);
  USARTx->SR = (uint16_t)~itmask;
}