网络编程基础

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-13 09:57:02 发布

weixin_45268779

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-13 09:57:02 发布

阅读量82

点赞数

文章标签：网络 java 开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45268779/article/details/124598378

版权

IP

ip地址：InetAddress

唯一定位一台网络上计算机
127.0.0.1 ：本机localhost
ip地址的分类
- ipv4/ipv6
  - IPV4 127.0.0.1 ,4个字节组成，0-255，,42亿
  - IPV6 fe80::d544:28da:5eb2%13 128位，8个无符号整数
- 公网（互联网）-私网（局域网）
  - ABCD类地址
  - 192.168.xx.xx 专门给组织内部使用的
域名：记忆IP问题

端口

端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程

不同的进程有不同的端口号！用来区分软件！
被规定0-65535
TCP，UDP：65535 *2 单个协议下，端口号不能冲突
端口分类
- 公有端口0-1023
  - HTTP:80
  - HTTPS:443
  - FTP:21
  - Telnet:23
- 程序注册端口:1024-49151，分配用户或者程序
  - Tomcat 8080
  - MySQL:3306
  - Oracle:1521
- 动态、私有：49152-65535
  - netstat -ano

通信协议

网络通信协议：速率、传输码率、代码结构、传输控制…
TCP/IP协议簇

TCP:用户传输协议
UDP:用户数据报协议
IP:网络互联协议
TCP UPD对比
TCP：打电话
连接、稳定
三次握手、四次挥手

1.最少需要三次，保证稳定连接
2.A:你瞅啥？
2.B:瞅你咋地？
3.A:干一场！

1.A:我要断开了
2.B:我知道你要断开了
3.B:你真的要断开了吗？
4.A:我真的要断开了

客户端、服务端
传输完成，释放连接，效率低
UDP：发短信
不连接、不稳定
客户端、服务端：没有明确的界限
不管有没有准备好，都可以发给你
导弹
DDOS：洪水攻击（饱和攻击）

TCP

客户端

连接服务器Socket
发送消息

public class TCPClientDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port = 9999;
            socket = new Socket(inetAddress,port);
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("你好，欢迎学习java".getBytes());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(os != null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket !=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

服务端

建立服务的端口ServerSocket
等待用户的连接accept
接收用户的消息

public class TCPServerDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
        try {
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            while(true) {
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                is = socket.getInputStream();
                baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                    baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
                    System.out.println(baos.toString());
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(baos != null){
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(is != null){
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket != null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(serverSocket != null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

    }
}

上传文件
客户端

public class TCPClientDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("3.jpg"));
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len=fis.read(buffer))!= -1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        socket.shutdownOutput();

        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
        int len2;
        while((len2= is.read(buffer2))!= -1){
            baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
            System.out.println(baos.toString());
        }
        baos.close();
        is.close();
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

服务端

public class TCPServerDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len = is.read(buffer))!= -1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("我已接收完毕，可以断开了".getBytes());

        os.close();
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

Tomcat
服务端

自定义S
Tomcat服务器S
客户端
自定义C
浏览器B

UDP

发短信，不用连接，但需要知道对方的地址

DatagramPacket

DatagramSocket

发送消息

public class UDPClientDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
        String msg = "你好啊，服务器！";
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9090;
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
        socket.send(packet);
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收消息

public class UDPServerDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
        socket.receive(packet);
        System.out.println(packet.getAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
        socket.close();
    }
}

循环发送

public class UDPSenderDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();

        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        while(true) {
            String data = reader.readLine();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data.getBytes(), 0, data.getBytes().length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));

            socket.send(packet);
            if(data.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

循环接收

public class UDPReceiveDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
        while(true) {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);

            socket.receive(packet);
            byte[] data = packet.getData();
            String receivedata = new String(data,0, packet.getLength());
            System.out.println(receivedata.toString());
            if(receivedata.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}