BIOS Memory Service Overview

MEMORY SERVICES

• PEI on CAR and System Memory
  • CreateHob
  • AllocatePool: Light version. Don’t support memory type. No FreePool API. It bases on HOB.
  • AllocatePages/FreePages: Don’t support memory allocate type.
• DXE on System Memory
  • AllocatePool/FreePool
  • AllocatePages/FreePages
• SMM on SMRAM
  • AllocatePool/FreePool: support runtime data/code only
  • AllocatePages/FreePages: support runtime data/code only

HOB TYPE

根据使用的不同需求，定义以下类型：

• EFI_HOB_TYPE_HANDOFF: Basic Hob information，描述Hob空间的起始结束地址以及那些空间可用
• EFI_HOB_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATION：描述已被申请的memory的起始地址和结束地址
  • Describe the allocated page memory base address, size and type
• EFI_HOB_TYPE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR：描述系统资源及属性情况，包括系统空间属性等
  • Describe the system resource and attribute, include memory,SMRAM IO and MMIO
• EFI_HOB_TYPE_GUID_EXTENSION：为了在模块和内部的function之间共享数据
• Main usage is to share data between pre-memory and after-memory
• EFI_HOB_TYPE_FV：每个FV可以有一个HOB，Fv Hob是给DXE阶段使用，
  • FV reported to DXE phase
• EFI_HOB_TYPE_CPU
• EFI_HOB_TYPE_MEMORY_POOL
  在开发过程中可能用到的，RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR、GUID_EXTENSION、FV

RESOURCE HOB

Type:

• EFI_RESOURCE_SYSTEM_MEMORY：内存，可以执行代码保存数据等操作
• EFI_RESOURCE_MEMORY_MAPPED_IO
• EFI_RESOURCE_IO
• EFI_RESOURCE_FIRMWARE_DEVICE：描述flash这一块空间
• EFI_RESOURCE_MEMORY_MAPPED_IO_PORT
• EFI_RESOURCE_MEMORY_RESERVED
• EFI_RESOURCE_IO_RESERVED

Attributes:

• EFI_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTE_PRESENT：是否存在
• EFI_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTE_INITIALIZED：是否初始化
• EFI_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTE_TESTED：是否已测试
• EFI_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTE_PERSISTENT：是否一直存在（掉电不丢失）

(System)MEMORY TYPE

• EfiConventionalMemory: Available memory space

• EfiLoaderCode: UEFI Application code

• EfiLoaderData: UEFI Application data

• EfiBootServicesCode: UEFI/PEI/DXE driver

• EfiBootServicesData: UEFI/PEI/DXE driver allocated memory

• EfiPersistentMemory

• EfiRuntimeServicesCode: Runtime driver. It can’t be used by OS.

• EfiRuntimeServicesData: Runtime data. It can’t be used by OS.

• EfiReservedMemoryType: Reserved memory in BIOS. It can’t be used by OS.

• EfiACPIReclaimMemory: Used by ACPI.

• EfiACPIMemoryNVS: Used by ACPI. It can’t be used by OS.

• EfiMemoryMappedIO

• EfiMemoryMappedIOPortSpace

DXE/SMM: PAGE ALLOCATION TYPE

• AllocateAnyPages: Allocate memory in the available memory space.
• AllocateMaxAddress: Allocate memory based on the specified max address.
• AllocateAddress: Allocate memory at the specified base address.

PEI MEMORY LAYOUT

上图中：PHIT就是一个HOB，Handoff类型，包含基本的information，由下往上，PHIT作为第一个HOB,管理方式为不断叠加，一旦某块数据越界，整体的HOB会毁坏，但由于PEI阶段的resource有限，尚不构成影响。某块HOB失去作用时，也是没有办法取走的，只能不停追加。memory为从高往低进行分配，与HOB并不从冲突，当无空间可用则会报错out of resource，Allocate申请的内存为Free space部分。对于HOB表的详细描述指路https://blog.csdn.net/CeliaQianhj/article/details/6799799。

DXE MEMORY LAYOUT

• Top reserved memory ranges are specified by EFI_MEMORY_TYPE_INFORMATION.
• Memory allocation is from top to bottom.
• Memory allocation is from its reserved memory type range. If no enough, it will be allocated from the remaining memory.
• Pool and Page are in the same memory range.
• PEI Memory is reported in PEI phase.

MEMMAP

memorymap 这个command会罗列出当前系统中所有的memory，包括其分配情况，剩余量等。

Type	Start	End #	Pages	Attributes
BS_Data	00000000B5002000	-00000000B53B9FFF	00000000000003B8	000000000000000F
BS_Code	00000000B53BA000	-00000000B53E6FFF	000000000000002D	000000000000000F
…
Reserved	00000000BBE5F000	-00000000BBE5FFFF	0000000000000001	000000000000000F
ACPI_Recl	00000000BBE60000	-00000000BC02FFFF	00000000000001D0	000000000000000F
ACPI_NVS	00000000BC030000	-00000000BC08FFFF	0000000000000060	000000000000000F
RT_Data	00000000BC090000	-00000000BF67FFFF	00000000000035F0	800000000000000F
RT_Code	00000000BF7C0000	-00000000BFC7FFFF	00000000000004C0	800000000000000F
Available	0000400100000000	-00004007FFFFFFFF	0000000000700000	000000000000000F
MMIO	00001000026D0000	-00001000026DFFFF	0000000000000010	8000000000000000

Reserved :	869 Pages (3,559,424 Bytes)
LoaderCode:	339 Pages (1,388,544 Bytes)
LoaderData:	0 Pages (0 Bytes)
BS_Code :	11,391 Pages (46,657,536 Bytes)
BS_Data :	16,957 Pages (69,455,872 Bytes)
RT_Code :	1,216 Pages (4,980,736 Bytes)
RT_Data :	16,496 Pages (67,567,616 Bytes)
ACPI_Recl :	479 Pages (1,961,984 Bytes)
ACPI_NVS :	96 Pages (393,216 Bytes)
MMIO :	32 Pages (131,072 Bytes)
MMIO_	Port : 0 Pages (0 Bytes)
PalCode :	0 Pages (0 Bytes)
Available :	16,401,949 Pages (67,182,383,104 Bytes)
Persistent:	0 Pages (0 Bytes)
Total Memory:	64,253 MB (67,374,788,608 Bytes)