知识图谱组队学习Task05——图数据库查询

Cypher 介绍：作为Neo4j的查询语言，“Cypher”是一个描述性的图形查询语言，允许不必编写图形结构的遍历代码对图形存储有表现力和效率的查询。Cypher还在继续发展和成熟，这也就意味着有可能会出现语法的变化。同时也意味着作为组件没有经历严格的性能测试。

• 设计的目的：一个人类查询语言，适合于开发者和在数据库上做点对点模式（ad-hoc）查询的专
  业操作人员（我认为这个很重要）。它的构念是基于英语单词和灵巧的图解。
• 思路：Cyper通过一系列不同的方法和建立于确定的实践为表达查询而激发的。许多关键字如like
  和order by是受SQL的启发。模式匹配的表达式来自于SPARQL。正则表达式匹配实现实用Scala
  programming language语言。
• 与命令式语言的区别：Cypher是一个申明式的语言。对比命令式语言如Java和脚本语言如
  Gremlin和JRuby，它的焦点在于从图中如何找回（what to retrieve），而不是怎么去做。这使得
  在不对用户公布的实现细节里关心的是怎么优化查询。

AnswerSearching 框架介绍：

1.根据不同的实体和意图构造cypher查询语句

from py2neo import Graph


class AnswerSearching:
    def __init__(self):
        self.graph = Graph("http://localhost:7474", username="neo4j", password="123456789")
        self.top_num = 10    def question_parser(self, data):
        """
        主要是根据不同的实体和意图构造cypher查询语句
        :param data: {"Disease":[], "Alias":[], "Symptom":[], "Complication":[]}
        :return:
        """
        sqls = []
        if data:
            for intent in data["intentions"]:
                sql_ = {}
                sql_["intention"] = intent
                sql = []
                if data.get("Disease"):
                   sql = self.transfor_to_sql("Disease", data["Disease"], intent)
                elif data.get("Alias"):
                    sql = self.transfor_to_sql("Alias", data["Alias"], intent)
                elif data.get("Symptom"):
                    sql = self.transfor_to_sql("Symptom", data["Symptom"], intent)
                elif data.get("Complication"):
                    sql = self.transfor_to_sql("Complication", data["Complication"], intent)

                if sql:
                    sql_['sql'] = sql
                    sqls.append(sql_)
        return sqls

2.将问题转变为cypher查询语句

    def transfor_to_sql(self, label, entities, intent):
        """
        将问题转变为cypher查询语句
        :param label:实体标签
        :param entities:实体列表
        :param intent:查询意图
        :return:cypher查询语句
        """
        if not entities:
            return []
        sql = []

        # 查询症状
        if intent == "query_symptom" and label == "Disease":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease)-[:HAS_SYMPTOM]->(s) WHERE d.name='{0}' RETURN d.name,s.name".format(e)
                   for e in entities]
        if intent == "query_symptom" and label == "Alias":
            sql = ["MATCH (a:Alias)<-[:ALIAS_IS]-(d:Disease)-[:HAS_SYMPTOM]->(s) WHERE a.name='{0}' return " \
                   "d.name,s.name".format(e) for e in entities]

        # 查询治疗方法
        if intent == "query_cureway" and label == "Disease":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease)-[:HAS_DRUG]->(n) WHERE d.name='{0}' return d.name,d.treatment," \
                   "n.name".format(e) for e in entities]
        if intent == "query_cureway" and label == "Alias":
            sql = ["MATCH (n)<-[:HAS_DRUG]-(d:Disease)-[]->(a:Alias) WHERE a.name='{0}' " \
                   "return d.name, d.treatment, n.name".format(e) for e in entities]
        if intent == "query_cureway" and label == "Symptom":
            sql = ["MATCH (n)<-[:HAS_DRUG]-(d:Disease)-[]->(s:Symptom) WHERE s.name='{0}' " \
                   "return d.name,d.treatment, n.name".format(e) for e in entities]
        if intent == "query_cureway" and label == "Complication":
            sql = ["MATCH (n)<-[:HAS_DRUG]-(d:Disease)-[]->(c:Complication) WHERE c.name='{0}' " \
                   "return d.name,d.treatment, n.name".format(e) for e in entities]

        # 查询治疗周期
        if intent == "query_period" and label == "Disease":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease) WHERE d.name='{0}' return d.name,d.period".format(e) for e in entities]
        if intent == "query_period" and label == "Alias":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease)-[]->(a:Alias) WHERE a.name='{0}' return d.name,d.period".format(e)
                   for e in entities]
        if intent == "query_period" and label == "Symptom":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease)-[]->(s:Symptom) WHERE s.name='{0}' return d.name,d.period".format(e)
                   for e in entities]
        if intent == "query_period" and label == "Complication":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease)-[]->(c:Complication) WHERE c.name='{0}' return d.name," \
                   "d.period".format(e) for e in entities]

        # 查询治愈率
        if intent == "query_rate" and label == "Disease":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease) WHERE d.name='{0}' return d.name,d.rate".format(e) for e in entities]
        if intent == "query_rate" and label == "Alias":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease)-[]->(a:Alias) WHERE a.name='{0}' return d.name,d.rate".format(e)
                   for e in entities]
        if intent == "query_rate" and label == "Symptom":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease)-[]->(s:Symptom) WHERE s.name='{0}' return d.name,d.rate".format(e)
                   for e in entities]
        if intent == "query_rate" and label == "Complication":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease)-[]->(c:Complication) WHERE c.name='{0}' return d.name," \
                   "d.rate".format(e) for e in entities]

        # 查询检查项目
        if intent == "query_checklist" and label == "Disease":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease) WHERE d.name='{0}' return d.name,d.checklist".format(e) for e in entities]
        if intent == "query_checklist" and label == "Alias":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease)-[]->(a:Alias) WHERE a.name='{0}' return d.name,d.checklist".format(e)
                   for e in entities]
        if intent == "query_checklist" and label == "Symptom":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease)-[]->(s:Symptom) WHERE s.name='{0}' return d.name," \
                   "d.checklist".format(e) for e in entities]
        if intent == "query_checklist" and label == "Complication":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease)-[]->(c:Complication) WHERE c.name='{0}' return d.name," \
                   "d.checklist".format(e) for e in entities]

        # 查询科室
        if intent == "query_department" and label == "Disease":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease)-[:DEPARTMENT_IS]->(n) WHERE d.name='{0}' return d.name," \
                   "n.name".format(e) for e in entities]
        if intent == "query_department" and label == "Alias":
            sql = ["MATCH (n)<-[:DEPARTMENT_IS]-(d:Disease)-[:ALIAS_IS]->(a:Alias) WHERE a.name='{0}' " \
                   "return d.name,n.name".format(e) for e in entities]
        if intent == "query_department" and label == "Symptom":
            sql = ["MATCH (n)<-[:DEPARTMENT_IS]-(d:Disease)-[:HAS_SYMPTOM]->(s:Symptom) WHERE s.name='{0}' " \
                   "return d.name,n.name".format(e) for e in entities]
        if intent == "query_department" and label == "Complication":
            sql = ["MATCH (n)<-[:DEPARTMENT_IS]-(d:Disease)-[:HAS_COMPLICATION]->(c:Complication) WHERE " \
                   "c.name='{0}' return d.name,n.name".format(e) for e in entities]

        # 查询疾病
        if intent == "query_disease" and label == "Alias":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease)-[]->(s:Alias) WHERE s.name='{0}' return " \
                   "d.name".format(e) for e in entities]
        if intent == "query_disease" and label == "Symptom":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease)-[]->(s:Symptom) WHERE s.name='{0}' return " \
                   "d.name".format(e) for e in entities]

        # 查询疾病描述
        if intent == "disease_describe" and label == "Alias":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease)-[]->(a:Alias) WHERE a.name='{0}' return d.name,d.age," \
                   "d.insurance,d.infection,d.checklist,d.period,d.rate,d.money".format(e) for e in entities]
        if intent == "disease_describe" and label == "Disease":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease) WHERE d.name='{0}' return d.name,d.age,d.insurance,d.infection," \
                   "d.checklist,d.period,d.rate,d.money".format(e) for e in entities]
        if intent == "disease_describe" and label == "Symptom":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease)-[]->(s:Symptom) WHERE s.name='{0}' return d.name,d.age," \
                   "d.insurance,d.infection,d.checklist,d.period,d.rate,d.money".format(e) for e in entities]
        if intent == "disease_describe" and label == "Complication":
            sql = ["MATCH (d:Disease)-[]->(c:Complication) WHERE c.name='{0}' return d.name," \
                   "d.age,d.insurance,d.infection,d.checklist,d.period,d.rate,d.money".format(e) for e in entities]

        return sql

3.执行cypher查询，返回结果

    def searching(self, sqls):
        """
        执行cypher查询，返回结果
        :param sqls:
        :return:str
        """
        final_answers = []
        for sql_ in sqls:
            intent = sql_['intention']
            queries = sql_['sql']
            answers = []
            for query in queries:
                ress = self.graph.run(query).data()
                answers += ress
            final_answer = self.answer_template(intent, answers)
            if final_answer:
                final_answers.append(final_answer)
        return final_answers

4.根据不同意图，返回不同模板的答案

    def answer_template(self, intent, answers):
        """
        根据不同意图，返回不同模板的答案
        :param intent: 查询意图
        :param answers: 知识图谱查询结果
        :return: str
        """
        final_answer = ""
        if not answers:
            return ""
        # 查询症状
        if intent == "query_symptom":
            disease_dic = {}
            for data in answers:
                d = data['d.name']
                s = data['s.name']
                if d not in disease_dic:
                    disease_dic[d] = [s]
                else:
                    disease_dic[d].append(s)
            i = 0
            for k, v in disease_dic.items():
                if i >= 10:
                    break
                final_answer += "疾病 {0} 的症状有：{1}\n".format(k, ','.join(list(set(v))))
                i += 1
        # 查询疾病
        if intent == "query_disease":
            disease_freq = {}
            for data in answers:
                d = data["d.name"]
                disease_freq[d] = disease_freq.get(d, 0) + 1
            n = len(disease_freq.keys())
            freq = sorted(disease_freq.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
            for d, v in freq[:10]:
                final_answer += "疾病为 {0} 的概率为：{1}\n".format(d, v/10)
        # 查询治疗方法
        if intent == "query_cureway":
            disease_dic = {}
            for data in answers:
                disease = data['d.name']
                treat = data["d.treatment"]
                drug = data["n.name"]
                if disease not in disease_dic:
                    disease_dic[disease] = [treat, drug]
                else:
                    disease_dic[disease].append(drug)
            i = 0
            for d, v in disease_dic.items():
                if i >= 10:
                    break
                final_answer += "疾病 {0} 的治疗方法有：{1}；可用药品包括：{2}\n".format(d, v[0], ','.join(v[1:]))
                i += 1
        # 查询治愈周期
        if intent == "query_period":
            disease_dic = {}
            for data in answers:
                d = data['d.name']
                p = data['d.period']
                if d not in disease_dic:
                    disease_dic[d] = [p]
                else:
                    disease_dic[d].append(p)
            i = 0
            for k, v in disease_dic.items():
                if i >= 10:
                    break
                final_answer += "疾病 {0} 的治愈周期为：{1}\n".format(k, ','.join(list(set(v))))
                i += 1
        # 查询治愈率
        if intent == "query_rate":
            disease_dic = {}
            for data in answers:
                d = data['d.name']
                r = data['d.rate']
                if d not in disease_dic:
                    disease_dic[d] = [r]
                else:
                    disease_dic[d].append(r)
            i = 0
            for k, v in disease_dic.items():
                if i >= 10:
                    break
                final_answer += "疾病 {0} 的治愈率为：{1}\n".format(k, ','.join(list(set(v))))
                i += 1
        # 查询检查项目
        if intent == "query_checklist":
            disease_dic = {}
            for data in answers:
                d = data['d.name']
                r = data['d.checklist']
                if d not in disease_dic:
                    disease_dic[d] = [r]
                else:
                    disease_dic[d].append(r)
            i = 0
            for k, v in disease_dic.items():
                if i >= 10:
                    break
                final_answer += "疾病 {0} 的检查项目有：{1}\n".format(k, ','.join(list(set(v))))
                i += 1
        # 查询科室
        if intent == "query_department":
            disease_dic = {}
            for data in answers:
                d = data['d.name']
                r = data['n.name']
                if d not in disease_dic:
                    disease_dic[d] = [r]
                else:
                    disease_dic[d].append(r)
            i = 0
            for k, v in disease_dic.items():
                if i >= 10:
                    break
                final_answer += "疾病 {0} 所属科室有：{1}\n".format(k, ','.join(list(set(v))))
                i += 1
        # 查询疾病描述
        if intent == "disease_describe":
            disease_infos = {}
            for data in answers:
                name = data['d.name']
                age = data['d.age']
                insurance = data['d.insurance']
                infection = data['d.infection']
                checklist = data['d.checklist']
                period = data['d.period']
                rate = data['d.rate']
                money = data['d.money']
                if name not in disease_infos:
                    disease_infos[name] = [age, insurance, infection, checklist, period, rate, money]
                else:
                    disease_infos[name].extend([age, insurance, infection, checklist, period, rate, money])
            i = 0
            for k, v in disease_infos.items():
                if i >= 10:
                    break
                message = "疾病 {0} 的描述信息如下：\n发病人群：{1}\n医保：{2}\n传染性：{3}\n检查项目：{4}\n" \
                          "治愈周期：{5}\n治愈率：{6}\n费用：{7}\n"
                final_answer += message.format(k, v[0], v[1], v[2], v[3], v[4], v[5], v[6])
                i += 1

        return final_answer