Python数据结构-字典

Python语法基础 一
Python语法基础 二
Python语法基础 三
Python数据结构-列表
Python数据结构-元组
Python数据结构-集合
Python-函数

1.字典

"""

    字典(dict):键值对数据(key-value)
        key：键
            键的类型可以是：字符串、整数、浮点数、bool、元组
        value：值
            值的类型基本上都支持

    声明：
        变量名 = {}
        变量名 = {"xxx":xxx,"xxx":xxx}

"""

# 增加数据 字典[key] = value
dic = {}
dic["name"] = "tony"
dic["age"] = 18
dic["gender"] = "男"
print(dic)  # {'name': 'tony', 'age': 18, 'gender': '男'}

# 删除数据 pop(key)
dic.pop("gender")
print(dic)  # {'name': 'tony', 'age': 18}

# 查找数据  字典[key]
name = dic["name"]
print(name)  # tony

# 修改数据 字典[key] = newValue
dic["age"] = "20"
print(dic["age"])  # 20

# 通过输入往字典里面加入个人信息
# userInfo = {}
# while True:
#     key = input("输入项目：")
#     value = input("输入值：")
#     userInfo[key]=value
#
#     temp = input("是否继续录入(y/n):")
#     if temp != "y":
#         break
# print(userInfo)

2.字典常用方法

"""
    python

    字典的常用方法
        update()        字典合并
        setdefault()    添加键值对，添加规则:key存在则不处理，key不存在则添加

        pop()           删除指定的键值对，并返回value
        popitem()       删除最后一个键值对。并返回该键值对
        clear()         清空字典

        get()           根据key查找 查找的key不存在则返回None

        keys()          获取所有的键
        values()        获取所有的值
        items()         获取所有的键值对

        in  键存在吗？
        not in  键不存在吗？
        len

"""
# update
# dic = {"name": "tony"}
# dic1 = {"age": 20}
# dic.update(dic1)
# print(dic)  # {'name': 'tony', 'age': 20}

# setdefault
# dic = {"name": "tony"}
# dic.setdefault("name", "zzw")  # name存在不处理
# dic.setdefault("gender", "男")  # gender不存在添加进去
# print(dic)  # {'name': 'tony', 'gender': '男'}

# pop(),popitem()
# dic = {"name": "tony", 'age': 20, "gender": "男"}
# print(dic.popitem())  # ('gender', '男')
# print(dic.pop("age"))  # 20

# clear()
# dic = {"name": "tony", 'age': 20, "gender": "男"}
# dic.clear()
# print(dic)  # {}

# get()
# dic = {"name": "tony", 'age': 20, "gender": "男"}
# print(dic.get("name"))  # tony

# 区别 当指定的key在字典中不存在时
# print(dic.get("name1"))  # None
# print(dic["name1"])  # 报错

# keys(),values(),items()
# dic = {"name": "tony", 'age': 20, "gender": "男"}
# print(dic.keys())  # dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'gender'])
# print(dic.values())  # dict_values(['tony', 20, '男'])
# print(dic.items())  # dict_items([('name', 'tony'), ('age', 20), ('gender', '男')])

# 取长度
# dic = {"name": "tony", 'age': 20, "gender": "男"}
# print(len(dic))  # 3

# 遍历
dic = {"name": "tony", 'age': 20, "gender": "男"}
# 取键
# for i in dic:
#     print(i)
"""
name
age
gender
"""

# for i in dic.keys():
#     print(i)
"""
name
age
gender
"""

# 取值
# for i in dic.values():
#     print(i)
"""
tony
20
男
"""

# 取键值对
# for i in dic.items():
#     print(i)
"""
('name', 'tony')
('age', 20)
('gender', '男')
"""

# for k, v in dic.items():
#     print(k, v)
"""
name tony
age 20
gender 男
"""

# 判断字典是否有这个键
dic = {"name": "tony", 'age': 20, "gender": "男"}
print("name" in dic)  # True
print("name" not in dic)  # False