定义
设数集 D ⊂ R D\subset \mathbb{R} D⊂R,则称映射 f : D → R n \boldsymbol{f}:D \to \mathbb{R}^n f:D→Rn 为一元向量值函数,记为
r = f ( t ) , t ∈ D \boldsymbol{r} = \boldsymbol{f}(t) , t \in D r=f(t),t∈D
其中, D D D 为函数的定义域, t t t 为自变量, r \boldsymbol{r} r 为因变量。
极限
以三维向量为例,设 f ( t ) = ( f 1 ( t ) , f 2 ( t ) , f 3 ( t ) ) \boldsymbol{f}(t) = \left(f_1(t), f_2(t),f_3(t)\right) f(t)=(f1(t),f2(t),f3(t)),则
lim t → t 0 f ( t ) = ( lim t → t 0 f 1 ( t ) , lim t → t 0 f 2 ( t ) , lim t → t 0 f 3 ( t ) ) \lim_{t \to t_0} \boldsymbol{f}(t) = \left( \lim_{t \to t_0} f_1(t),\lim_{t \to t_0} f_2(t),\lim_{t \to t_0} f_3(t) \right) t→t0limf(t)=(t→t0limf1(t),t→t0