R语言绘图进阶

加载包
library(ggplot2) library(tidyverse)

导入数据集
mpg

创建ggplot图形
ggplot(data = mpg) ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy, color = “blue”))

图形属性映射
ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy))

ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy, size = class))

ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy, alpha = class))

ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy, shape = class))

ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy, color = “blue”))

分面
ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) + facet_grid(drv ~cyl)

ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_point(mapping = aes(x = drv, y = cyl))

ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) + facet_grid(drv ~ .)

ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) + facet_grid(.~ cyl)

ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) + facet_wrap(~class, nrow = 2)

几何对象
ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy))

ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_smooth(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy))

ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_smooth(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy,linetype=drv))

ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_smooth(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy))

ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_smooth(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy,group=drv))

ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_smooth(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy,color=drv),show.legend = FALSE)

ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) + geom_smooth(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy))# 此图与下图一样

ggplot(data = mpg,mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) + geom_point() + geom_smooth() # 与上图相同

ggplot(data = mpg,mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) + geom_point(mapping = aes(color = class)) + geom_smooth()

ggplot(data = mpg,mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) + geom_point(mapping = aes(color = class)) + geom_smooth(data = filter(mpg, class == “subcompact”),se = FALSE)

ggplot(data = mpg,mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy, color = drv)) + geom_point() + geom_smooth(se = FALSE)

ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = displ, y =hwy)) + geom_point() + geom_smooth()

ggplot() + geom_point(data = mpg,mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) + geom_smooth(data = mpg,mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy))

A <- diamonds

统计变换
ggplot(data = diamonds) + geom_bar(mapping = aes(x = cut))

ggplot(data = diamonds) + stat_count(mapping = aes(x = cut))

demo <- tribble( ~a, ~b, “bar_1”, 20, “bar_2”, 30, “bar_3”, 40 )

计数 频数
ggplot(data = demo) + geom_bar(mapping = aes(x =a, y=b), stat = “identity”)

比例 频率
ggplot(data = diamonds) + geom_bar(mapping = aes(x = cut, y = …prop…, group = 1))

摘要
ggplot(data = diamonds) + stat_summary(mapping = aes(x = cut, y = depth), fun.ymin = min, fun.ymax = max, fun.y = median)

ggplot(data = diamonds) + stat_summary(mapping = aes(x = cut, y = depth)) # MSE 均方误差

ggplot(data = diamonds) + geom_bar(mapping = aes(x = cut, y = …prop…)) # 全堆叠

ggplot(data = diamonds) + geom_bar(mapping = aes(x = cut,fill = color, y = …prop…)) # 等层堆叠

位置调整
ggplot(data = diamonds) + geom_bar(mapping = aes(x = cut, color = cut)) # 图形上色

ggplot(data = diamonds) + geom_bar(mapping = aes(x = cut, fill = cut)) # 图形上色

ggplot(data = diamonds) + geom_bar(mapping = aes(x = cut, fill = clarity)) # 映射到另一个变量

ggplot(data = diamonds, mapping = aes(x = cut, fill = clarity)) + geom_bar(alpha = 1/5, position = “identity”) # 位置调整

ggplot(data = diamonds, mapping = aes(x = cut, color = clarity)) + geom_bar(fill = NA, position = “identity”) # 位置调整

ggplot(data = diamonds) + geom_bar(mapping = aes(x =cut, fill = clarity), position = “fill”)

ggplot(data = diamonds) + geom_bar(mapping = aes(x =cut, fill = clarity), position = “dodge”) # 并列放置

ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) ggplot(data = mpg) + geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy), position = “jitter”) # 将同一点的数据追加随机抖动使其分开

ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = cty, y = hwy)) + geom_point(position = “jitter”)

坐标系
ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = class, y = hwy)) + geom_boxplot()

ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = class, y = hwy)) + geom_boxplot() + coord_flip() # 交换x轴和y轴

coord_quickmap 绘制适合的纵横比
nz <- map_data(“nz”)

ggplot(nz, aes(long, lat, group = group)) + geom_polygon(fill = “white”, color = “black”)

ggplot(nz, aes(long, lat, group = group)) + geom_polygon(fill = “white”, color = “black”) + coord_quickmap()

coord_polar 使用极坐标
bar <- ggplot(data = diamonds) + geom_bar(mapping = aes(x = cut, fill = cut), show.legend = FALSE, width = 1) + labs(x = NULL, y =NULL) bar bar + coord_flip() bar + coord_polar()

ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = cty, y =hwy)) + geom_point() + geom_abline() + coord_fixed()