网络编程之BIO、NIO、AIO
文章目录
一、UDP
UDP类似于写信,没有连接。只有对方的地址
UDP协议在java中对应的封装接口是 DatagramSocket
1.UDP接收数据
UDPServer:
DatagramSocket socket = null;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);//开放端口8888
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//接收数据报,这里会阻塞接收
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData()).trim());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
socket.close();
}
socket.receive(packet);
接收数据报,这里会阻塞接收。
2.UDP发送数据
UDPClient:
DatagramSocket socket = null;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket();
InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 8888;
String datas = "这是一个利用UDP发送数据的dome";
//数据报 DatagramPacket(byte buf[], int offset, int length,InetAddress address, int port)
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas.getBytes(),0,datas.getBytes().length,address,port);
socket.send(packet);//发送数据报
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
socket.close();
}
3.使用UDP作为聊天接收方
UDPChatReceive
public class UDPChatReceive {
public static void main(String[] args) {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
try {
InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
socket = new DatagramSocket(9999, address);
while (true){
byte[] datas = new byte[1024];//开发中使用JSON传递数据
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收数据报
String data = new String(packet.getData()).trim();
System.out.println(data);
if("886".equals(data)){
break;
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
socket.close();
}
}
}
4.使用UDP作为聊天发送方
UDPChatSent
public class UDPChatSent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket();
InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
while (true) {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String datas = reader.readLine();
byte[] bytes = datas.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length, address, 9999);
socket.send(packet);
if ("886".equals(new String(packet.getData()))) {
break;
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
socket.close();
}
}
}
二、TCP
TCP类似于打电话,经过三次握手、四次挥手,建立连接。
TCP协议在java中对应的是封装接口Socket嵌套字
Socket类代表一个TCP客户端套接字
ServerSocket类代表一个TCP服务端套接字
1.TCP接收数据
TCPChatServer:
public class TCPChatServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream inputStream = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 7777;
//创建TCP服务端 backlog:请求的传入连接队列的最大长度。
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port, 10, address);
while (true) {
socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式等待TCP客户端连接
inputStream = socket.getInputStream();//输入流读取客户端数据
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();//管道流
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
baos.write(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
}
System.out.println(new String(bytes).trim());
if ("886".equals(new String(bytes).trim())) {
break;
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
1.TCP发送数据
TCPChatClient:
public class TCPChatClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream outputStream = null;
try {
InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 7777;
//创建一个TCP客户端连接
socket = new Socket(address, port);
InetAddress localAddress = socket.getLocalAddress();//获取TCP客户端IP
int localPort = socket.getLocalPort();//获取TCP客户端 端口
InetAddress inetAddress = socket.getInetAddress();//获取TCP服务端IP
int inetPort = socket.getPort();//获取TCP服务端 端口
//发送消息,使用输入流
outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String data = reader.readLine();
outputStream.write(data.getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
outputStream.close();
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
3.使用TCP做聊天 Server
使用多线程处理多个客户端连接
public class TCPChatServerVersion2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
System.out.println("开始启动Server...");
InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999, 10, address);
//考虑存在多个client,所以做多线程
while (true) {
Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
new Thread(new ServerListener(accept)).start();
new Thread(new ServerSender(accept)).start();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
}
}
}
//服务端获取数据监听
class ServerListener implements Runnable {
private Socket socket;
public ServerListener(Socket socket) {
this.socket = socket;
}
@Override
public void run() {
ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = null;
try {
//得到传来的数据,使用输入流
objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
while (true) {
//打印发送到服务器的消息
System.out.println(objectInputStream.readObject());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
objectInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
//服务端发送数据
class ServerSender implements Runnable {
private Socket socket;
public ServerSender(Socket socket) {
this.socket = socket;
}
@Override
public void run() {
ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = null;
try {
objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
while (true) {
System.out.print("请输入发送的内容:");
String sendData = scanner.nextLine();
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(sendData) && sendData.trim().length() > 0) {
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
jsonObject.put("type", "chat");
jsonObject.put("message", sendData);
objectOutputStream.writeObject(jsonObject);
objectOutputStream.flush();
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
objectOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
4.使用TCP做聊天 Client
…
public class TCPChatClientVersion2 {
private static Socket socket;
public static Boolean client_state = false;
public static void main(String[] args) {
connect();
if (client_state) {
System.out.println("请开始发送消息.....");
}
}
//连接服务端方法
private static void connect() {
try {
socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9999);
client_state = true;
new Thread(new ClientListener(socket)).start();
new Thread(new ClientSender(socket)).start();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//重新连接
public static void reconnect() {
while (!client_state) {
System.out.println("连接已断开...正在尝试重连......");
connect();
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
class ClientListener implements Runnable {
private Socket socket;
public ClientListener(Socket socket) {
this.socket = socket;
}
@Override
public void run() {
ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = null;
try {
//得到传来的数据,使用输入流
objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
while (true) {
//打印发送到服务器的消息
System.out.println(objectInputStream.readObject());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
objectInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
//客户端发送数据
class ClientSender implements Runnable {
private Socket socket;
public ClientSender(Socket socket) {
this.socket = socket;
}
@Override
public void run() {
ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = null;
try {
//发送到服务端的数据,使用输出流
objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
while (true) {
System.out.print("请输入发送的内容:");
String sendData = scanner.nextLine();
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(sendData) && sendData.trim().length() > 0) {
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
jsonObject.put("type", "chat");
jsonObject.put("message", sendData);
objectOutputStream.writeObject(jsonObject);
objectOutputStream.flush();
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
try {
socket.close();
TCPChatClientVersion2.client_state = false;
reconnect();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
} finally {
try {
objectOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
三、NIO
1. Buffer
使用一个 Buffer 完成文件读取、写入
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\jie2602\\Desktop\\img\\123.txt"));
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\jie2602\\Desktop\\img\\888.txt");
FileChannel channelInput = fileInputStream.getChannel();
FileChannel channelOutput = fileOutputStream.getChannel();
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
//循环读取
while (true){
byteBuffer.clear(); //清空 buffer
int read = channelInput.read(byteBuffer);
if (read == -1) { //表示读完
break;
}
byteBuffer.put(",我要把这些加在后面.....".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
byteBuffer.flip();
channelOutput.write(byteBuffer);
}
fileOutputStream.close();
fileInputStream.close();
直接抛异常,没有try
MappedByteBuffer 可让文件直接在内存(堆外内存)修改,操作系统不需要拷贝一次
内存映射文件方式(nio包),利用底层操作系统,即把文件映射到内存后再操作,省去了频繁磁盘io,更快更高级
RandomAccessFile randomAccessFile = new RandomAccessFile("C:\\Users\\jie2602\\Desktop\\img\\999.txt", "rw");
FileChannel channel = randomAccessFile.getChannel();
//表示只处理文件的前6个字节
MappedByteBuffer mappedByteBuffer = channel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, 6);
//一个汉字三个字节
mappedByteBuffer.put("这".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
mappedByteBuffer.put("是".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
randomAccessFile.close();
修改前
修改后
2. Channel
使用FileChannel输出数据到文件
FileChannel channel = null;
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
String str = "这是一个利用NIO 的netty study";
try {
//输出
fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\jie2602\\Desktop\\img\\123.txt");
channel = fileOutputStream.getChannel();
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
//将数据放入byteBuffer
byteBuffer.put(str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
byteBuffer.flip();//反转后可以写出,反转前只能写入
channel.write(byteBuffer);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if(null != channel) channel.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if(null != fileOutputStream) fileOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
使用FileChanne读取数据到控制台
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
FileChannel channel = null;
try {
File file = new File("C:\\Users\\jie2602\\Desktop\\img\\123.txt");
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
channel = fileInputStream.getChannel();
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate((int) file.length());
//将通道的数据读入到 Buffer
channel.read(byteBuffer);
//将 byteBuffer 的字节数据转成 String
System.out.println(new String(byteBuffer.array()));
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if(null != channel) channel.close();
if(null != fileInputStream) fileInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
3. Selector
使用NIO做聊天室
使用NIO做 服务端
public class GroupChatServer {
private Selector selector;
private ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel;
//GroupChatServer构造器
public GroupChatServer() {
try {
Selector selector = Selector.open();
//监听Channel
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
// ip+端口
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(6666);
//将创建的服务端绑定(ip+端口)
serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(inetSocketAddress);
//设置非阻塞模式
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
//将该 serverSocketChannel 注册到 selector,selector监听socketChannel只对接收事件感兴趣
serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
this.selector =selector;
this.serverSocketChannel = serverSocketChannel;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void listen() {
try {
//循环处理
while (true) {
int sum = selector.select(1000);//阻塞等待1秒
if(sum > 0){
//有事件处理
// 遍历得到 selectionKey 集合
Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
if(null != selectionKeys && selectionKeys.size() > 0){
Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = selectionKeys.iterator();
while (keyIterator.hasNext()){
//取出 selectionkey
SelectionKey selectionKey = keyIterator.next();
//监听到 accept
if(selectionKey.isAcceptable()){
//类似于得到客户端
SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);//设置非阻塞
//将该 socketChannel 注册到 seletor,selector监听socketChannel只对读事件感兴趣
socketChannel.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_READ);
//提示
System.out.println(socketChannel.getRemoteAddress() + " 上线 ");
}
//通道发送read事件,即通道是可读的状态
if (selectionKey.isReadable()) {
// 处理读(专门写方法..)
readData(selectionKey);
}
//当前的 keyIterator 删除,多线程下防止重复处理。
keyIterator.remove();
}
}
} else {
//无事件处理...
//continue;
//或者做其他事情...
//System.out.println("GroupChatServer 无事件处理...");
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//发生异常处理....
}
}
//读取客户端消息
public void readData(SelectionKey selectionKey) {
SocketChannel socketChannel = null;
try {
socketChannel = (SocketChannel)selectionKey.channel();
//创建 buffer
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
int count = socketChannel.read(buffer);
//根据 count 的值做处理
if(count > 0){
//把缓存区的数据转成字符串
String msg = new String(buffer.array()).trim();
//输出该消息
System.out.println("form客户端:" + msg);
//向其它的客户端转发消息(去掉自己),专门写一个方法来处理
sendInfoToOtherClients(msg, socketChannel);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
try {
System.out.println(socketChannel.getRemoteAddress() + "离线了..");
//取消注册
selectionKey.cancel();
//关闭通道
socketChannel.close();
} catch (IOException e2) {
e2.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public void sendInfoToOtherClients(String msg, SocketChannel self) throws IOException {
System.out.println("服务器转发消息中...");
//遍历所有注册到 selector 上的 SocketChannel,并排除 self
for (SelectionKey selectionKey : selector.keys()) {
//通过 key 取出对应的 SocketChannel
Channel targetChannel = selectionKey.channel();
//排除自己
if (targetChannel instanceof SocketChannel && targetChannel != self) {
//转型
SocketChannel dest = (SocketChannel) targetChannel;
//将 msg 存储到 buffer
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(msg.getBytes());
//将 buffer 的数据写入通道
dest.write(buffer);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
GroupChatServer groupChatServer = new GroupChatServer();
groupChatServer.listen();
}
}
使用NIO做 客户端 ,创建多个客户端形成聊天室
public class GroupChatClient {
//定义相关的属性
private final String HOST = "127.0.0.1";//服务器的ip
private final int PORT = 6666;//服务器端口
private Selector selector;
private SocketChannel socketChannel;
private String username;
public GroupChatClient() {
try {
Selector selector = Selector.open();
//连接服务器
SocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(HOST, PORT);
SocketChannel socketChannel = SocketChannel.open(socketAddress);
//设置非阻塞
socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
//将 channel 注册到selector,selector只对读取事件感兴趣
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
//得到 username
username = socketChannel.getLocalAddress().toString().substring(1);
System.out.println(username + " is ok...");
this.selector = selector;
this.socketChannel = socketChannel;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//向服务器发送消息
public void sendInfo(String info) {
info = username + " 说:" + info;
try {
socketChannel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(info.getBytes()));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//读取从服务器端回复的消息
private void readInfo() {
try {
int sum = selector.select(1000);
//因为 selector监听socketChannel的读事件,sum > 0 就存在可读消息
if (sum > 0) {
Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
if (null != selectionKeys && selectionKeys.size() > 0) {
Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = selectionKeys.iterator();
while (keyIterator.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey selectionKey = keyIterator.next();
if(selectionKey.isReadable()){
//得到有数据读取的通道
SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel)selectionKey.channel();
//得到一个 Buffer
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
socketChannel.read(byteBuffer);
//把读到的缓冲区的数据转成字符串
String msg = new String(byteBuffer.array());
System.out.println(msg.trim());
}
}
keyIterator.remove(); //删除当前的 selectionKey,防止重复操作
}
} else {
//System.out.println("没有可以用的通道...");
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//启动我们客户端
GroupChatClient chatClient = new GroupChatClient();
Thread.currentThread().sleep(6000);
//启动一个线程,每个 3 秒,读取从服务器发送数据
new Thread() {
public void run() {
while (true) {
chatClient.readInfo();
try {
Thread.currentThread().sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}.start();
//发送数据给服务器端
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
String s = scanner.nextLine();
chatClient.sendInfo(s);
}
}
}
四、Netty
使用了NIO原理
总结
总结的话
其他
把数据从A手机传输到B手机,底层来讲就是把数据变成电信号或者光信号
各大操作系统都用Socket来对这些操作做了屏蔽和封装
Socket在网络传输中用于唯一标识两个端点之间的链接
Socket类似于 ClienIP + ClientPort + ServerIP + ServerPort = 链接