JAVA网络编程

网络编程之BIO、NIO、AIO



一、UDP

UDP类似于写信,没有连接。只有对方的地址
UDP协议在java中对应的封装接口是 DatagramSocket

1.UDP接收数据

UDPServer:

        DatagramSocket socket = null;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);//开放端口8888
            byte[] container = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
            socket.receive(packet);//接收数据报,这里会阻塞接收
            System.out.println(new String(packet.getData()).trim());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            socket.close();
        }

socket.receive(packet);
接收数据报,这里会阻塞接收。

2.UDP发送数据

UDPClient:

        DatagramSocket socket = null;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket();
            InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port = 8888;
            String datas = "这是一个利用UDP发送数据的dome";
            //数据报 DatagramPacket(byte buf[], int offset, int length,InetAddress address, int port)
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas.getBytes(),0,datas.getBytes().length,address,port);
            socket.send(packet);//发送数据报
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            socket.close();
        }

3.使用UDP作为聊天接收方

UDPChatReceive

public class UDPChatReceive {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DatagramSocket socket = null;
        try {
            InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            socket = new DatagramSocket(9999, address);
            while (true){
                byte[] datas = new byte[1024];//开发中使用JSON传递数据
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length);
                socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收数据报
                String data = new String(packet.getData()).trim();
                System.out.println(data);
                if("886".equals(data)){
                    break;
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            socket.close();
        }
    }
}

4.使用UDP作为聊天发送方

UDPChatSent

public class UDPChatSent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DatagramSocket socket = null;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket();
            InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            while (true) {
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
                String datas = reader.readLine();
                byte[] bytes = datas.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length, address, 9999);
                socket.send(packet);
                if ("886".equals(new String(packet.getData()))) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            socket.close();
        }
    }
}

二、TCP

TCP类似于打电话,经过三次握手、四次挥手,建立连接。
TCP协议在java中对应的是封装接口Socket嵌套字
Socket类代表一个TCP客户端套接字
ServerSocket类代表一个TCP服务端套接字

1.TCP接收数据

TCPChatServer:

public class TCPChatServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
        try {
            InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port = 7777;
            //创建TCP服务端  backlog:请求的传入连接队列的最大长度。
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port, 10, address);
            while (true) {
                socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式等待TCP客户端连接
                inputStream = socket.getInputStream();//输入流读取客户端数据
                baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();//管道流
                byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                    baos.write(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
                }
                System.out.println(new String(bytes).trim());
                if ("886".equals(new String(bytes).trim())) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                baos.close();
                inputStream.close();
                socket.close();
                serverSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

1.TCP发送数据

TCPChatClient:

public class TCPChatClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream outputStream = null;
        try {
            InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port = 7777;
            //创建一个TCP客户端连接
            socket = new Socket(address, port);
            InetAddress localAddress = socket.getLocalAddress();//获取TCP客户端IP
            int localPort = socket.getLocalPort();//获取TCP客户端 端口
            InetAddress inetAddress = socket.getInetAddress();//获取TCP服务端IP
            int inetPort = socket.getPort();//获取TCP服务端 端口
            //发送消息,使用输入流
            outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            String data = reader.readLine();
            outputStream.write(data.getBytes());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                outputStream.close();
                socket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

3.使用TCP做聊天 Server

使用多线程处理多个客户端连接

public class TCPChatServerVersion2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            System.out.println("开始启动Server...");
            InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999, 10, address);
            //考虑存在多个client,所以做多线程
            while (true) {
                Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
                new Thread(new ServerListener(accept)).start();
                new Thread(new ServerSender(accept)).start();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {

        }
    }
}

//服务端获取数据监听
class ServerListener implements Runnable {

    private Socket socket;

    public ServerListener(Socket socket) {
        this.socket = socket;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = null;
        try {
            //得到传来的数据,使用输入流
            objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
            while (true) {
                //打印发送到服务器的消息
                System.out.println(objectInputStream.readObject());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                objectInputStream.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

//服务端发送数据
class ServerSender implements Runnable {
    private Socket socket;

    public ServerSender(Socket socket) {
        this.socket = socket;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = null;
        try {
            objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
            while (true) {
                System.out.print("请输入发送的内容:");
                String sendData = scanner.nextLine();
                if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(sendData) && sendData.trim().length() > 0) {
                    JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
                    jsonObject.put("type", "chat");
                    jsonObject.put("message", sendData);
                    objectOutputStream.writeObject(jsonObject);
                    objectOutputStream.flush();
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                objectOutputStream.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

4.使用TCP做聊天 Client

public class TCPChatClientVersion2 {
    private static Socket socket;
    public static Boolean client_state = false;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        connect();
        if (client_state) {
            System.out.println("请开始发送消息.....");
        }
    }

    //连接服务端方法
    private static void connect() {
        try {
            socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9999);
            client_state = true;
            new Thread(new ClientListener(socket)).start();
            new Thread(new ClientSender(socket)).start();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //重新连接
    public static void reconnect() {
        while (!client_state) {
            System.out.println("连接已断开...正在尝试重连......");
            connect();
            try {
                Thread.sleep(3000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

class ClientListener implements Runnable {
    private Socket socket;

    public ClientListener(Socket socket) {
        this.socket = socket;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = null;
        try {
            //得到传来的数据,使用输入流
            objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
            while (true) {
                //打印发送到服务器的消息
                System.out.println(objectInputStream.readObject());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                objectInputStream.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

//客户端发送数据
class ClientSender implements Runnable {
    private Socket socket;

    public ClientSender(Socket socket) {
        this.socket = socket;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = null;
        try {
            //发送到服务端的数据,使用输出流
            objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
            while (true) {
                System.out.print("请输入发送的内容:");
                String sendData = scanner.nextLine();
                if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(sendData) && sendData.trim().length() > 0) {
                    JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
                    jsonObject.put("type", "chat");
                    jsonObject.put("message", sendData);
                    objectOutputStream.writeObject(jsonObject);
                    objectOutputStream.flush();
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            try {
                socket.close();
                TCPChatClientVersion2.client_state = false;
                reconnect();
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        } finally {
            try {
                objectOutputStream.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

三、NIO

1. Buffer

使用一个 Buffer 完成文件读取、写入

        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\jie2602\\Desktop\\img\\123.txt"));
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\jie2602\\Desktop\\img\\888.txt");
        FileChannel channelInput = fileInputStream.getChannel();
        FileChannel channelOutput = fileOutputStream.getChannel();
        ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        //循环读取
        while (true){
            byteBuffer.clear(); //清空 buffer
            int read = channelInput.read(byteBuffer);
            if (read == -1) { //表示读完
                break;
            }
            byteBuffer.put(",我要把这些加在后面.....".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            byteBuffer.flip();
            channelOutput.write(byteBuffer);
        }
        fileOutputStream.close();
        fileInputStream.close();

直接抛异常,没有try


MappedByteBuffer 可让文件直接在内存(堆外内存)修改,操作系统不需要拷贝一次

内存映射文件方式(nio包),利用底层操作系统,即把文件映射到内存后再操作,省去了频繁磁盘io,更快更高级

        RandomAccessFile randomAccessFile = new RandomAccessFile("C:\\Users\\jie2602\\Desktop\\img\\999.txt", "rw");
        FileChannel channel = randomAccessFile.getChannel();
        //表示只处理文件的前6个字节
        MappedByteBuffer mappedByteBuffer = channel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, 6);
        //一个汉字三个字节
        mappedByteBuffer.put("这".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        mappedByteBuffer.put("是".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        randomAccessFile.close();

修改前

在这里插入图片描述
修改后
在这里插入图片描述

2. Channel

使用FileChannel输出数据到文件

        FileChannel channel = null;
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
        String str = "这是一个利用NIO 的netty study";
        try {
            //输出
            fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\jie2602\\Desktop\\img\\123.txt");
            channel = fileOutputStream.getChannel();
            ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
            //将数据放入byteBuffer
            byteBuffer.put(str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            byteBuffer.flip();//反转后可以写出,反转前只能写入
            channel.write(byteBuffer);
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if(null != channel) channel.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                if(null != fileOutputStream) fileOutputStream.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

使用FileChanne读取数据到控制台

        FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
        FileChannel channel = null;
        try {
            File file = new File("C:\\Users\\jie2602\\Desktop\\img\\123.txt");
            fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
            channel = fileInputStream.getChannel();
            ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate((int) file.length());
            //将通道的数据读入到 Buffer
            channel.read(byteBuffer);
            //将 byteBuffer 的字节数据转成 String
            System.out.println(new String(byteBuffer.array()));
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if(null != channel) channel.close();
                if(null != fileInputStream) fileInputStream.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

3. Selector

使用NIO做聊天室
使用NIO做 服务端

public class GroupChatServer {

    private Selector selector;
    private ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel;

    //GroupChatServer构造器
    public GroupChatServer() {
        try {
            Selector selector = Selector.open();
            //监听Channel
            ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
            // ip+端口
            InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(6666);
            //将创建的服务端绑定(ip+端口)
            serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(inetSocketAddress);
            //设置非阻塞模式
            serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
            //将该 serverSocketChannel 注册到 selector,selector监听socketChannel只对接收事件感兴趣
            serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
            this.selector =selector;
            this.serverSocketChannel = serverSocketChannel;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void listen() {
        try {
            //循环处理
            while (true) {
                int sum = selector.select(1000);//阻塞等待1秒
                if(sum > 0){
                    //有事件处理
                    // 遍历得到 selectionKey 集合
                    Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
                    if(null != selectionKeys && selectionKeys.size() > 0){
                        Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = selectionKeys.iterator();
                        while (keyIterator.hasNext()){
                            //取出 selectionkey
                            SelectionKey selectionKey = keyIterator.next();
                            //监听到 accept
                            if(selectionKey.isAcceptable()){
                                //类似于得到客户端
                                SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
                                socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);//设置非阻塞
                                //将该 socketChannel 注册到 seletor,selector监听socketChannel只对读事件感兴趣
                                socketChannel.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_READ);
                                //提示
                                System.out.println(socketChannel.getRemoteAddress() + " 上线 ");
                            }
                            //通道发送read事件,即通道是可读的状态
                            if (selectionKey.isReadable()) {
                                // 处理读(专门写方法..)
                                readData(selectionKey);
                            }
                            //当前的 keyIterator 删除,多线程下防止重复处理。
                            keyIterator.remove();
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    //无事件处理...
                    //continue;
                    //或者做其他事情...
                    //System.out.println("GroupChatServer 无事件处理...");
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //发生异常处理....
        }
    }

    //读取客户端消息
    public void readData(SelectionKey selectionKey) {
        SocketChannel socketChannel = null;
        try {
            socketChannel = (SocketChannel)selectionKey.channel();
            //创建 buffer
            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
            int count = socketChannel.read(buffer);
            //根据 count 的值做处理
            if(count > 0){
                //把缓存区的数据转成字符串
                String msg = new String(buffer.array()).trim();
                //输出该消息
                System.out.println("form客户端:" + msg);
                //向其它的客户端转发消息(去掉自己),专门写一个方法来处理
                sendInfoToOtherClients(msg, socketChannel);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            try {
                System.out.println(socketChannel.getRemoteAddress() + "离线了..");
                //取消注册
                selectionKey.cancel();
                //关闭通道
                socketChannel.close();
            } catch (IOException e2) {
                e2.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public void sendInfoToOtherClients(String msg, SocketChannel self) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("服务器转发消息中...");
        //遍历所有注册到 selector 上的 SocketChannel,并排除 self
        for (SelectionKey selectionKey : selector.keys()) {
            //通过 key 取出对应的 SocketChannel
            Channel targetChannel = selectionKey.channel();
            //排除自己
            if (targetChannel instanceof SocketChannel && targetChannel != self) {
                //转型
                SocketChannel dest = (SocketChannel) targetChannel;
                //将 msg 存储到 buffer
                ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(msg.getBytes());
                //将 buffer 的数据写入通道
                dest.write(buffer);
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        GroupChatServer groupChatServer = new GroupChatServer();
        groupChatServer.listen();
    }
}

使用NIO做 客户端 ,创建多个客户端形成聊天室
public class GroupChatClient {

    //定义相关的属性
    private final String HOST = "127.0.0.1";//服务器的ip
    private final int PORT = 6666;//服务器端口
    private Selector selector;
    private SocketChannel socketChannel;
    private String username;

    public GroupChatClient() {
        try {
            Selector selector = Selector.open();
            //连接服务器
            SocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(HOST, PORT);
            SocketChannel socketChannel = SocketChannel.open(socketAddress);
            //设置非阻塞
            socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
            //将 channel 注册到selector,selector只对读取事件感兴趣
            socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
            //得到 username
            username = socketChannel.getLocalAddress().toString().substring(1);
            System.out.println(username + " is ok...");
            this.selector = selector;
            this.socketChannel = socketChannel;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //向服务器发送消息
    public void sendInfo(String info) {
        info = username + " 说:" + info;
        try {
            socketChannel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(info.getBytes()));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //读取从服务器端回复的消息
    private void readInfo() {
        try {
            int sum = selector.select(1000);
            //因为 selector监听socketChannel的读事件,sum > 0 就存在可读消息
            if (sum > 0) {
                Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
                if (null != selectionKeys && selectionKeys.size() > 0) {
                    Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = selectionKeys.iterator();
                    while (keyIterator.hasNext()) {
                        SelectionKey selectionKey = keyIterator.next();
                        if(selectionKey.isReadable()){
                            //得到有数据读取的通道
                            SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel)selectionKey.channel();
                            //得到一个 Buffer
                            ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                            socketChannel.read(byteBuffer);
                            //把读到的缓冲区的数据转成字符串
                            String msg = new String(byteBuffer.array());
                            System.out.println(msg.trim());
                        }
                    }
                    keyIterator.remove(); //删除当前的 selectionKey,防止重复操作
                }
            } else {
                //System.out.println("没有可以用的通道...");
            }

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //启动我们客户端
        GroupChatClient chatClient = new GroupChatClient();
        Thread.currentThread().sleep(6000);
        //启动一个线程,每个 3 秒,读取从服务器发送数据
        new Thread() {
            public void run() {
                while (true) {
                    chatClient.readInfo();
                    try {
                        Thread.currentThread().sleep(3000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }.start();

        //发送数据给服务器端
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
            String s = scanner.nextLine();
            chatClient.sendInfo(s);
        }
    }
}

四、Netty

使用了NIO原理

总结

总结的话

其他

把数据从A手机传输到B手机,底层来讲就是把数据变成电信号或者光信号
各大操作系统都用Socket来对这些操作做了屏蔽和封装
Socket在网络传输中用于唯一标识两个端点之间的链接
Socket类似于 ClienIP + ClientPort + ServerIP + ServerPort = 链接

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