Python游戏编程（七）Sonar Treasure Hunt

这里将介绍一个采用声纳寻找宝藏的游戏。

首先来了解一下这个游戏涉及到一些概念，并且介绍这个游戏是如何玩的。

目录

 

（一）游戏说明

（二）导入模块

（三）getNewBoard():

（四）drawBoard(board):

（五）getRandomChests(numChests):

（六）isOnBoard(x, y):

（七）makeMove(board, chests, x, y):

（八）enterPlayerMove(previousMoves):

（九）showInstructions():

（十）游戏循环

---

（一）游戏说明

先来了解一些简单的概念

笛卡尔坐标系：所谓笛卡尔坐标系，就是常见的xoy平面直角坐标系。

数据结构：数据结构是存储表示某些事物的值的排列组合。这个游戏采用列表的列表这样的复杂变量作为数据结构。

声纳：声纳是轮船用于定位海底物体的一种技术。这个游戏的“声纳”设备将告诉玩家距离最近的宝藏有多远，但是不会告诉玩家藏宝箱在哪个方向。

游戏规则：

玩家要收集3个藏宝箱，而玩家只有16个声纳设备可以用于找到它们。

 

 

下面分析这个游戏的源代码，将分为一下几个部分。

 

（二）导入模块

在程序的开始处，我们导入random、sys和math模块：

#Sonar Treasure Hunt

import random
import sys
import math

这里需要介绍的是sys模块。sys模块包含了exit()函数，该函数立即终止了程序的执行。在sys.exit()调用之后，就没有要运行的代码行了。

 

下面将自定义一些函数。

（三）getNewBoard():

通过这个函数拆功能键一个新的游戏版，包含列表的列表。通过在循环里嵌套循环实现，并通过random()函数随机绘制符号，构成海洋。

#创建一个新的游戏板，Sonar游戏的游戏版是周围由X轴和Y轴坐标包围这的一个ASCII字符图“海洋”。
#                       board数据结构是字符串的列表的一个列表。
def getNewBoard():
    #Create a new 60x15 board date structure.
    board = []
    for x in range(60):
        #The main list is a list of 60 lists.
        board.append([])
        for y in range(15):
            #Each list in the main list has 15 single-caracter string.
            #Use different character for the ocean to make it more readable.
            if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:
                board[x].append('~')
            else:
                board[x].append('`')
    return board

 

（四）drawBoard(board):

通过drawBoard()函数打印游戏版。游戏版就是一个笛卡尔坐标系。

#绘制游戏板
def drawBoard(board):
    #Draw the board data structure.
    tensDigitsLine = ' '#Initial space for the numbers down the left side of the board.
    for i in range(1, 6):
        tensDigitsLine += (' ' * 9) + str(i)
        
    #Print the numbers across the top of the board.
    print(tensDigitsLine)
    print('  ' + ('0123456789' * 6))
    print()
    
    # Print each of the 15 rows.
    for row in range(15):
        #Single-digit numbers need to be padded with an extra space.
        if row < 10:
            extraSpace = ' '
        else:
            extraSpace = ''
            
        # Creat the string for this row on the board.
        boardRow = ''
        for column in range(60):
            boardRow += board[column][row]
            
        print('%s%s %s %s' % (extraSpace, row, boardRow, row))
        
    # Print the numbers across the bottom of the board.
    print()
    print(' ' + ('0123456789' * 6))
    print(tensDigitsLine)

运行这个函数的话将会打印如下的游戏版:

          1         2         3         4         5
  012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789

 0 ```~~~`~~`~`~~~~```~~~`~~`~``~~~~~~~~``~~``~``~~``~~``~`~``` 0
 1 ~~~``~~````~`~~`~~~~~~`~~~~```~`~~``~~``~~`~``~`~``~``~~~~~` 1
 2 ~`~~~```~~~~```~``~`~~`~~~`~`~``~``~~``~`~~~~`~``~~```~``~~~ 2
 3 ~~`~`~~``~`~~~``~~~~`~``~`~`~~~~`~`~~`~~`~````~`~``~~`~`~`~~ 3
 4 ~~~~~`~`~~``~`~~~`~``~`~~```~`~```~~~~~``~~~`````~`~`~````~~ 4
 5 ~~`~`~~``~~`~`~`~~~`~`~`~~~`~~~`~~`~~`~````~``~````~~~~`~~~` 5
 6 ~~`````~`~````~`~`~```~`~~~~~~~`~~``~````~``~```~`~~~```~~~` 6
 7 ~````~~`~~~`~````~```~`~`~`~~``~`~~~~``~`~```~``~~~~~```~`~~ 7
 8 `~~```~~~~`~~`~`~~`~~```~~`~~~~~```~~~~~~````~~``~`````~~`~~ 8
 9 ``~``~~~``~`~`~~~~`````~~``~~`~`~`~```~`~~~~`~````~``~~``~~~ 9
10 `~~~``~~```~``~`~~````~`````~~~``~``~``~~~~~~`~``~``&