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一、实验目的
1.学会从计算和程序的角度分析问题,通过完成本实验,理解计算思维,即从问题出发,通过逐步分析和分解,把原问题转化 为可用程序方式解决的问题。在此过程中设计出一个解决方案。
2.进一步理解彩色空间的概念并掌握不同彩色空间转换的基本方程。
3.通过逐步设计程序,掌握编程细节:如查找表的设计,内存分配,对 U 和 V 信号进 行下采样,文件读写过程等。掌握程序调试的基本方法。
二、实验内容
掌握彩色空间转换的基本思想及转换公式
(1)YUV与RGB空间的相互转换
由电视原理可知,亮度和色差信号的构成如下:(RGB转YUV公式)
Y=0.2990R+0.5870G+0.1140B
R-Y=0.7010R-0.5870G-0.1140B
B-Y=-0.2990R-0.5870G+0.8860B
为了使色差信号的动态范围控制在0.5之间,需要进行归一化,对色差信号引入压缩系数。
RGB转YUV公式:
Y=0.2990R+0.5870G+0.1140B
U=-0.1684R-0.3316G+0.5B
V=0.5R-0.4187G-0.0813B
YUV转RGB公式:
R=Y+1.4075(V-128)
G=Y-0.3455(U-128)-0.7169(V-128)
B=Y+1.779(U-128)
(2) 码电平分配及数字表达式
亮电平信号量化后码电平分配 在对分量信号进行8比特均匀量化时,共分为256个等间隔的量化级。为了防止信号变动造成过载,在256级上端留20级,下端留16级作为信号超越动态范围的保护带。
(3)色度格式
4:2:0格式是指色差信号U,V的取样频率为亮度信号取样频率的四分之一,在水平方 向和垂直方向上的取样点数均为Y的一半。
(4)两种格式存储方式
RGB存储方式:RGB三个分量按照B、G、R的顺序存储。
YUV存储方式:先存Y再存UV分量。
三、实验步骤
1、首先读入待转换的文件名,数据的宽高和输出文件的文件名,在程序的开头进行初始化,定义变量以及为其赋值。
3、开辟YUV的缓存空间,根据公式和读取RGB分量计算YUV分量。
4、开辟新的UV空间,进行4:2:0格式采样,计算新的UV时取宽高的4个数据为一组求平均值。
5、将YUV分量写入新建的yuv文件,在YUV文件中数据顺序为:所有Y所有U所有V。
四、实验主要代码
头文件 rgb2yuv.h:
#ifndef RGB2YUV_H_
#define RGB2YUV_H_
int RGB2YUV(int x_dim, int y_dim, void* bmp, void* y_out, void* u_out, void* v_out, int flip);
void InitLookupTable();
#endif
rgb2yuv.cpp
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "rgb2yuv.h"
static float RGBYUV02990[256], RGBYUV05870[256], RGBYUV01140[256];
static float RGBYUV01684[256], RGBYUV03316[256];
static float RGBYUV04187[256], RGBYUV00813[256];
int RGB2YUV(int x_dim, int y_dim, void* bmp, void* y_out, void* u_out, void* v_out, int flip)
{
static int init_done = 0;
long i, j, size;
unsigned char* r, * g, * b;
unsigned char* y, * u, * v;
unsigned char* pu1, * pu2, * pv1, * pv2, * psu, * psv;
unsigned char* y_buffer, * u_buffer, * v_buffer;
unsigned char* sub_u_buf, * sub_v_buf;
if (init_done == 0)
{
InitLookupTable();
init_done = 1;
}
// check to see if x_dim and y_dim are divisible by 2
if ((x_dim % 2) || (y_dim % 2)) return 1;
size = x_dim * y_dim;
y_buffer = (unsigned char*)y_out;
sub_u_buf = (unsigned char*)u_out;
sub_v_buf = (unsigned char*)v_out;
u_buffer = (unsigned char*)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
v_buffer = (unsigned char*)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
if (!(u_buffer && v_buffer))
{
if (u_buffer) free(u_buffer);
if (v_buffer) free(v_buffer);
return 2;
}
b = (unsigned char*)bmp;
y = y_buffer;
u = u_buffer;
v = v_buffer;
if (!flip) {
for (j = 0; j < y_dim; j++)
{
y = y_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
u = u_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
v = v_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
for (i = 0; i < x_dim; i++) {
g = b + 1;
r = b + 2;
*y = (unsigned char)(RGBYUV02990[*r] + RGBYUV05870[*g] + RGBYUV01140[*b]);
*u = (unsigned char)(-RGBYUV01684[*r] - RGBYUV03316[*g] + (*b) / 2 + 128);
*v = (unsigned char)((*r) / 2 - RGBYUV04187[*g] - RGBYUV00813[*b] + 128);
b += 3;
y++;
u++;
v++;
}
}
}
else {
for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
g = b + 1;
r = b + 2;
*y = (unsigned char)(RGBYUV02990[*r] + RGBYUV05870[*g] + RGBYUV01140[*b]);
*u = (unsigned char)(-RGBYUV01684[*r] - RGBYUV03316[*g] + (*b) / 2 + 128);
*v = (unsigned char)((*r) / 2 - RGBYUV04187[*g] - RGBYUV00813[*b] + 128);
b += 3;
y++;
u++;
v++;
}
}
for (j = 0; j < y_dim / 2; j++)
{
psu = sub_u_buf + j * x_dim / 2;
psv = sub_v_buf + j * x_dim / 2;
pu1 = u_buffer + 2 * j * x_dim;
pu2 = u_buffer + (2 * j + 1) * x_dim;
pv1 = v_buffer + 2 * j * x_dim;
pv2 = v_buffer + (2 * j + 1) * x_dim;
for (i = 0; i < x_dim / 2; i++)
{
*psu = (*pu1 + *(pu1 + 1) + *pu2 + *(pu2 + 1)) / 4;
*psv = (*pv1 + *(pv1 + 1) + *pv2 + *(pv2 + 1)) / 4;
psu++;
psv++;
pu1 += 2;
pu2 += 2;
pv1 += 2;
pv2 += 2;
}
}
free(u_buffer);
free(v_buffer);
return 0;
}
void InitLookupTable()
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV02990[i] = (float)0.2990 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV05870[i] = (float)0.5870 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV01140[i] = (float)0.1140 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV01684[i] = (float)0.1684 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV03316[i] = (float)0.3316 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV04187[i] = (float)0.4187 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV00813[i] = (float)0.0813 * i;
}
main.cpp
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "rgb2yuv.h"
#define u_int8_t unsigned __int8
#define u_int unsigned __int32
#define u_int32_t unsigned __int32
#define FALSE false
#define TRUE true
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
u_int frameWidth = 352; /* –width= */
u_int frameHeight = 240; /* –height= */
bool flip = TRUE; /* –flip */
unsigned int i;
char* rgbFileName = NULL;
char* yuvFileName = NULL;
FILE* rgbFile = NULL;
FILE* yuvFile = NULL;
u_int8_t* rgbBuf = NULL;
u_int8_t* yBuf = NULL;
u_int8_t* uBuf = NULL;
u_int8_t* vBuf = NULL;
u_int32_t videoFramesWritten = 0;
rgbFileName = argv[1];
yuvFileName = argv[2];
frameWidth = atoi(argv[3]);
frameHeight = atoi(argv[4]);
/* 打开RGB文件 */
rgbFile = fopen(rgbFileName, "rb");
if (rgbFile == NULL)
{
printf("cannot find rgb file\n");
exit(1);
}
else
{
printf("The input rgb file is %s\n", rgbFileName);
}
yuvFile = fopen(yuvFileName, "wb");
if (yuvFile == NULL)
{
printf("cannot find yuv file\n");
exit(1);
}
else
{
printf("The output yuv file is %s\n", yuvFileName);
}
rgbBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight * 3);
yBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight);
uBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);
vBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);
if (rgbBuf == NULL || yBuf == NULL || uBuf == NULL || vBuf == NULL)
{
printf("no enought memory\n");
exit(1);
}
while (fread(rgbBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight * 3, rgbFile))
{
if (RGB2YUV(frameWidth, frameHeight, rgbBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, flip))
{
printf("error");
return 0;
}
for (i = 0; i < frameWidth * frameHeight; i++)
{
if (yBuf[i] < 16) yBuf[i] = 16;
if (yBuf[i] > 235) yBuf[i] = 235;
}
for (i = 0; i < frameWidth * frameHeight / 4; i++)
{
if (uBuf[i] < 16) uBuf[i] = 16;
if (uBuf[i] > 240) uBuf[i] = 240;
if (vBuf[i] < 16) vBuf[i] = 16;
if (vBuf[i] > 240) vBuf[i] = 240;
}
fwrite(yBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight, yuvFile);
fwrite(uBuf, 1, (frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4, yuvFile);
fwrite(vBuf, 1, (frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4, yuvFile);
printf("\r...%d", ++videoFramesWritten);
}
printf("\n%u %ux%u video frames written\n",
videoFramesWritten, frameWidth, frameHeight);
fclose(rgbFile);
fclose(yuvFile);
return 0;
}
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五、实验结果
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原rgb图片:
转化为yuv: