C++关于多态的基础知识&案例

1.多态的基本语法

#include<iostream>
using namespace std ;
#include<string>
class Animal{
public:
	virtual void speak()		//virtual关键字构造父类中的虚函数。
	{
	cout<<"动物在说话"<<endl;
	}

};

class Cat:public Animal{
public:
void speak(){
	
	cout<<"小猫在说话"<<endl;
	}
};
class Dog:public Animal{
public:
void speak(){
	cout<<"小狗在说话"<<endl;
	}
};

void dospeak(Animal &animal)		//函数设计端传入参数为Animal类（父类）的引用。
	{
		
	animal.speak();
	}

void test01(){
	Cat C1;
	Dog D1;
	dospeak(C1);					//实际调用时传入Cat,Dog类（子类），可直接调用。
	dospeak(D1);					//通过虚函数的设计，实现了传入不同的子类，调用各自对应的同名函数。

}


int main () {
	test01();
	system("pause");
		return 0;
}*/

/*
采用多态的条件&方法：
1.具有继承关系
2.子类中重写父类的虚函数
3.实际调用中采用父类的引用或指针指向子类，可以实现不同的子类不同的响应。
*/

2.多态的具体案例
ex1:饮品制作。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std ;
#include<string>
class Absdrink {
public:
	virtual void zhushui()=0;//纯虚函数
	virtual void zhuliao()=0;
	virtual void fuliao()=0;
	virtual void wancheng()=0;

void work(){
zhushui();
zhuliao();
fuliao();
wancheng();
cout<<"---------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
}
};

class coffee:public Absdrink{
public:
	void zhushui(){
	cout<<"煮矿泉水"<<endl;
	}
	void zhuliao(){
	cout<<"加入咖啡"<<endl;
	}
	void fuliao(){
	cout<<"加入糖"<<endl;
	}
	void wancheng() {
	cout<<"制作咖啡完成"<<endl;
	}
};

class tea:public Absdrink{
public:
	void zhushui(){
	cout<<"煮井水"<<endl;
	}
	void zhuliao(){
	cout<<"加入茶叶"<<endl;
	}
	void fuliao(){
	cout<<"加入金银花"<<endl;
	}
	void wancheng() {
	cout<<"制作茶完成"<<endl;
	}
};

void Makedrink(){
	Absdrink *p = new coffee;			//此时只能采用指针写法，因为使用的是纯虚函数，无法实例化对象，但可以创建指针。
	p->work();
	delete p;

	p = new tea;
	p->work();
	delete p;
}

int main () {

	Makedrink();

	system("pause");
		return 0;
}

ex2：电脑组装

#include<iostream>
using namespace std ;
#include<string>

class AbsCPU{
public:
	virtual void JiSuan() = 0;
};

class AbsXK{
	public:
	virtual void XianShi() = 0;
};

class AbsNC{
	public:
	virtual void NeiCun() = 0;
};

class LCPU:public AbsCPU{
	public:
	  void JiSuan(){
		cout<<"联想CPU正在计算"<<endl;
		}
};

class LXK:public AbsXK{
	public:

		 void XianShi(){
		cout<<"联想显卡正在显示"<<endl;
		}
};

class LNC:public AbsNC{
	public:

	 void NeiCun(){
		cout<<"联想内存正在存储"<<endl;
		}
};

class ICPU:public AbsCPU{
	public:
		 void JiSuan(){
		cout<<"英特尔CPU正在计算"<<endl;
		}
};

class IXK:public AbsXK{
	public:

 void XianShi(){
		cout<<"英特尔显卡正在显示"<<endl;
		}
};

class INC:public AbsNC{
	public:

		 void NeiCun(){
		cout<<"英特尔内存正在存储"<<endl;
		}
};

class Computer{
public:
	Computer(AbsCPU *cpu,AbsXK *xk,AbsNC *nc){
	m_cpu = cpu;
	m_xk = xk;
	m_nc = nc;
		}

	void work(){
		m_cpu->JiSuan();
		m_xk->XianShi();
		m_nc->NeiCun();
		cout<<"----------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
	}

	AbsCPU *m_cpu;
	AbsXK *m_xk;
	AbsNC *m_nc;
};

void test01(){
	AbsCPU *p1 = new LCPU;
	AbsXK *p2 = new LXK;
	AbsNC *p3 = new LNC;
	Computer C1(p1,p2,p3);
	C1.work();
	delete p1;
	delete p2;
	delete p3;
}

void test02(){
	AbsCPU *p1 = new ICPU;
	AbsXK *p2 = new IXK;
	AbsNC *p3 = new INC;
	Computer C2(p1,p2,p3);
	C2.work();
	delete p1;
	delete p2;
	delete p3;
}

void test03(){
	AbsCPU *p1 = new ICPU;
	AbsXK *p2 = new IXK;
	AbsNC *p3 = new LNC;
	Computer C3(p1,p2,p3);
	C3.work();
	delete p1;
	delete p2;
	delete p3;

}

int main () {
	test01();
	test02();
	test03();
	system("pause");
		return 0;
}

本文是根据B站内容：《黑马程序员匠心之作|C++教程从0到1入门编程,学习编程不再难》：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1et411b73Z?p=314 学习整理笔记。