kubernetes集群实战——Volumes配置管理(StatefulSet控制器应用)

1.StorageClass功能属性

StorageClass提供了一种描述存储类（class）的方法，不同的class可能会映射到不同的服务质量等级和备份策略或其他策略等。

每个 StorageClass 都包含 provisioner、parameters 和 reclaimPolicy 字段， 这些字段会在StorageClass需要动态分配 PersistentVolume 时会使用到。

StorageClass的属性
Provisioner（存储分配器）：用来决定使用哪个卷插件分配 PV，该字段必须指定。可以指定内部分配器，也可以指定外部分配器。外部分配器的代码地址为： kubernetes-incubator/external-storage，其中包括NFS和Ceph等。
Reclaim Policy（回收策略）：通过reclaimPolicy字段指定创建的Persistent Volume的回收策略，
回收策略包括：Delete 或者 Retain，没有指定默认为Delete。
更多属性查看：https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/concepts/storage/storage-classes/

2.配置NFS Client Provisioner

NFS Client Provisioner是一个automatic provisioner，使用NFS作为存储，自动创建PV和对应的PVC，本身不提供NFS存储，需要外部先有一套NFS存储服务。

PV以 ${namespace}-${pvcName}-${pvName}的命名格式提供（在NFS服务器上）
PV回收的时候以 archieved-${namespace}-${pvcName}-${pvName} 的命名格式（在NFS服务器上）

nfs-client-provisioner源码地址：
https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/external-storage/tree/master/nfs-client

• 动态卷存储方式

[root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/exports
[root@server1 ~]# cat /etc/exports
/nfsdata    *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)
[root@server1 ~]# exportfs -rv
exporting *:/nfsdata
[root@server1 ~]# showmount -e
Export list for server1:
/nfsdata *
[root@server1 ~]# 

NFS动态分配PV示例：
配置授权

[root@server2 vol]# mkdir nfs-client
[root@server2 vol]# cd nfs-client/
[root@server2 nfs-client]# vim rbac.yml	##基于角色的权限控制，在集群当中作授权
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner
  # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  namespace: nfs-client-provisioner
---
kind: ClusterRole	##集群角色
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["storageclasses"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["events"]
    verbs: ["create", "update", "patch"]
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding	##集群角色绑定
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: run-nfs-client-provisioner
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nfs-client-provisioner
    # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
    namespace: nfs-client-provisioner
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
kind: Role	##角色
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
  # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  namespace: nfs-client-provisioner
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["endpoints"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
---
kind: RoleBinding	##角色绑定
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
  # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  namespace: nfs-client-provisioner
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nfs-client-provisioner
    # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
    namespace: nfs-client-provisioner
roleRef:
  kind: Role
  name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

部署NFS Client Provisioner

[root@server2 nfs-client]# vim deployment.yml	####删除重复的选择器字段
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner
  labels:
    app: nfs-client-provisioner
  # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  namespace: nfs-client-provisioner
spec:
  replicas: 1
  strategy:
    type: Recreate
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nfs-client-provisioner
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nfs-client-provisioner
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: nfs-client-provisioner
      containers:
        - name: nfs-client-provisioner
          image: nfs-client-provisioner:latest	##下载此镜像并上传到仓库
          volumeMounts:
            - name: nfs-client-root
              mountPath: /persistentvolumes
          env:
            - name: PROVISIONER_NAME
              value: westos.org/nfs	##定义一个分配器的名字，做一个标识
            - name: NFS_SERVER
              value: 172.25.12.1	##定义nfs server
            - name: NFS_PATH
              value: /nfsdata	##nfs输出路径
      volumes:
        - name: nfs-client-root
          nfs:
            server: 172.25.12.1
            path: /nfsdata

创建 NFS SotageClass

[root@server2 nfs-client]# vim class.yml	##创建存储类
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: managed-nfs-storage
provisioner: westos.org/nfs
  archiveOnDelete: "false"	##控制存储在回收时要不要打包，false表示不打包

创建PVC

[root@server2 nfs-client]# vim pvc.yml
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: pvc1
  annotations:
    volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storag