Python实现Keras搭建神经网络训练分类模型

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-18 23:09:53 发布
最新推荐文章于 2023-04-18 23:09:53 发布
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分类专栏： 知识增加 文章标签： 神经网络 tensorflow python 机器学习 深度学习
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注释讲解版：

# Classifier example

import numpy as np
# for reproducibility
np.random.seed(1337)
# from keras.datasets import mnist
from keras.utils import np_utils
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense, Activation
from keras.optimizers import RMSprop

# 程序中用到的数据是经典的手写体识别mnist数据集
# download the mnist to the path if it is the first time to be called
# X shape (60,000 28x28), y
# (X_train, y_train), (X_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()
# 下载minst.npz：
# 链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1b2ppKDOdzDJxivgmyOoQsA
# 提取码: y5ir
# 将下载好的minst.npz放到当前目录下
path='./mnist.npz'
f = np.load(path)
X_train, y_train = f['x_train'], f['y_train']
X_test, y_test = f['x_test'], f['y_test']
f.close()

# data pre-processing
# 数据预处理
# normalize
# X shape (60,000 28x28)，表示输入数据 X 是个三维的数据
# 可以理解为 60000行数据，每一行是一张28 x 28 的灰度图片
# X_train.reshape(X_train.shape[0], -1)表示：只保留第一维，其余的纬度，不管多少纬度，重新排列为一维
# 参数-1就是不知道行数或者列数多少的情况下使用的参数
# 所以先确定除了参数-1之外的其他参数，然后通过(总参数的计算) / (确定除了参数-1之外的其他参数) = 该位置应该是多少的参数
# 这里用-1是偷懒的做法,等同于 28*28
# reshape后的数据是：共60000行，每一行是784个数据点（feature）
# 输入的 x 变成 60,000*784 的数据，然后除以 255 进行标准化
# 因为每个像素都是在 0 到 255 之间的，标准化之后就变成了 0 到 1 之间
X_train = X_train.reshape(X_train.shape[0], -1) / 255
X_test = X_test.reshape(X_test.shape[0], -1) / 255
# 分类标签编码
# 将y转化为one-hot vector
y_train = np_utils.to_categorical(y_train, num_classes = 10)
y_test = np_utils.to_categorical(y_test, num_classes = 10)

# Another way to build your neural net
# 建立神经网络
# 应用了2层的神经网络，前一层的激活函数用的是relu，后一层的激活函数用的是softmax
#32是输出的维数
model = Sequential([
    Dense(32, input_dim=784),
    Activation('relu'),
    Dense(10),
    Activation('softmax')
])

# Another way to define your optimizer
# 优化函数
# 优化算法用的是RMSprop
rmsprop = RMSprop(lr=0.001, rho=0.9, epsilon=1e-08, decay=0.0)

# We add metrics to get more results you want to see
# 不自己定义，直接用内置的优化器也行，optimizer='rmsprop'
#激活模型：接下来用 model.compile 激励神经网络
model.compile(
    optimizer=rmsprop,
    loss='categorical_crossentropy',
    metrics=['accuracy']
)

print('Training------------')
# Another way to train the model
# 训练模型
# 上一个程序是用train_on_batch 一批一批的训练 X_train, Y_train
# 默认的返回值是 cost，每100步输出一下结果
# 输出的样式与上一个程序的有所不同，感觉用model.fit()更清晰明了
# 上一个程序是Python实现Keras搭建神经网络训练回归模型：
# https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45798684/article/details/106503685
model.fit(X_train, y_train, nb_epoch=2, batch_size=32)

print('\nTesting------------')
# Evaluate the model with the metrics we defined earlier
# 测试
loss, accuracy = model.evaluate(X_test, y_test)

print('test loss:', loss)
print('test accuracy:', accuracy)

运行结果：

Using TensorFlow backend.

Training------------

Epoch 1/2

   32/60000 [..............................] - ETA: 5:03 - loss: 2.4464 - accuracy: 0.0625
  864/60000 [..............................] - ETA: 14s - loss: 1.8023 - accuracy: 0.4850 
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 2432/60000 [>.............................] - ETA: 7s - loss: 1.3151 - accuracy: 0.6637
 3200/60000 [>.............................] - ETA: 6s - loss: 1.1663 - accuracy: 0.7056
 3968/60000 [>.............................] - ETA: 5s - loss: 1.0533 - accuracy: 0.7344
 4704/60000 [=>............................] - ETA: 5s - loss: 0.9696 - accuracy: 0.7564
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 6112/60000 [==>...........................] - ETA: 5s - loss: 0.8692 - accuracy: 0.7804
 6784/60000 [==>...........................] - ETA: 4s - loss: 0.8225 - accuracy: 0.7933
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10144/60000 [====>.........................] - ETA: 4s - loss: 0.6812 - accuracy: 0.8262
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46560/60000 [======================>.......] - ETA: 1s - loss: 0.3786 - accuracy: 0.8953
47168/60000 [======================>.......] - ETA: 1s - loss: 0.3767 - accuracy: 0.8958
47808/60000 [======================>.......] - ETA: 1s - loss: 0.3744 - accuracy: 0.8963
48416/60000 [=======================>......] - ETA: 1s - loss: 0.3732 - accuracy: 0.8966
48928/60000 [=======================>......] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.3714 - accuracy: 0.8971
49440/60000 [=======================>......] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.3701 - accuracy: 0.8974
50048/60000 [========================>.....] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.3678 - accuracy: 0.8979
50688/60000 [========================>.....] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.3669 - accuracy: 0.8983
51264/60000 [========================>.....] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.3654 - accuracy: 0.8988
51872/60000 [========================>.....] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.3636 - accuracy: 0.8992
52608/60000 [=========================>....] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.3618 - accuracy: 0.8997
53376/60000 [=========================>....] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.3599 - accuracy: 0.9003
54048/60000 [==========================>...] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.3583 - accuracy: 0.9006
54560/60000 [==========================>...] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.3568 - accuracy: 0.9010
55296/60000 [==========================>...] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.3548 - accuracy: 0.9016
56064/60000 [===========================>..] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.3526 - accuracy: 0.9021
56736/60000 [===========================>..] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.3514 - accuracy: 0.9026
57376/60000 [===========================>..] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.3499 - accuracy: 0.9029
58112/60000 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.3482 - accuracy: 0.9033
58880/60000 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.3459 - accuracy: 0.9039
59584/60000 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.3444 - accuracy: 0.9043
60000/60000 [==============================] - 5s 87us/step - loss: 0.3435 - accuracy: 0.9046

Epoch 2/2

   32/60000 [..............................] - ETA: 11s - loss: 0.0655 - accuracy: 1.0000
  736/60000 [..............................] - ETA: 4s - loss: 0.2135 - accuracy: 0.9389 
 1408/60000 [..............................] - ETA: 4s - loss: 0.2217 - accuracy: 0.9361
 1984/60000 [..............................] - ETA: 4s - loss: 0.2316 - accuracy: 0.9390
 2432/60000 [>.............................] - ETA: 4s - loss: 0.2280 - accuracy: 0.9379
 3040/60000 [>.............................] - ETA: 4s - loss: 0.2374 - accuracy: 0.9368
 3808/60000 [>.............................] - ETA: 4s - loss: 0.2251 - accuracy: 0.9386
 4576/60000 [=>............................] - ETA: 4s - loss: 0.2225 - accuracy: 0.9379
 5216/60000 [=>............................] - ETA: 4s - loss: 0.2208 - accuracy: 0.9377
 5920/60000 [=>............................] - ETA: 4s - loss: 0.2173 - accuracy: 0.9383
 6656/60000 [==>...........................] - ETA: 4s - loss: 0.2217 - accuracy: 0.9370
 7392/60000 [==>...........................] - ETA: 4s - loss: 0.2224 - accuracy: 0.9360
 8096/60000 [===>..........................] - ETA: 4s - loss: 0.2234 - accuracy: 0.9363
 8800/60000 [===>..........................] - ETA: 3s - loss: 0.2235 - accuracy: 0.9358
 9408/60000 [===>..........................] - ETA: 3s - loss: 0.2196 - accuracy: 0.9365
10016/60000 [====>.........................] - ETA: 3s - loss: 0.2207 - accuracy: 0.9363
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12544/60000 [=====>........................] - ETA: 3s - loss: 0.2152 - accuracy: 0.9393
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52480/60000 [=========================>....] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.1957 - accuracy: 0.9439
53248/60000 [=========================>....] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.1959 - accuracy: 0.9438
54016/60000 [==========================>...] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.1963 - accuracy: 0.9437
54592/60000 [==========================>...] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.1965 - accuracy: 0.9436
55168/60000 [==========================>...] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.1962 - accuracy: 0.9436
55776/60000 [==========================>...] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.1959 - accuracy: 0.9437
56448/60000 [===========================>..] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.1965 - accuracy: 0.9437
57152/60000 [===========================>..] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.1958 - accuracy: 0.9439
57824/60000 [===========================>..] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.1956 - accuracy: 0.9438
58560/60000 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.1951 - accuracy: 0.9440
59360/60000 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.1947 - accuracy: 0.9440
60000/60000 [==============================] - 5s 76us/step - loss: 0.1946 - accuracy: 0.9440

Testing------------

   32/10000 [..............................] - ETA: 15s
 1248/10000 [==>...........................] - ETA: 0s 
 2656/10000 [======>.......................] - ETA: 0s
 4064/10000 [===========>..................] - ETA: 0s
 5216/10000 [==============>...............] - ETA: 0s
 6464/10000 [==================>...........] - ETA: 0s
 7744/10000 [======================>.......] - ETA: 0s
 9056/10000 [==========================>...] - ETA: 0s
 9984/10000 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s
10000/10000 [==============================] - 0s 47us/step
test loss: 0.17407772153392434
test accuracy: 0.9513000249862671
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专栏目录
Keras深度学习实战（2）——使用Keras构建神经网络
盼小辉丶的博客
04-20 6万+
Keras 是用 Python 编写的高级神经网络 API，它的核心思想在于实现快速实验，该库提供了很多实用工具，可以简化构建复杂神经网络的过程。在本节中，我们将使用 Keras 库构建神经网络，感受 Keras 快速模型构建的特性。.........
[Python人工智能] 十九.Keras搭建循环神经网络分类案例及RNN原理详解
杨秀璋的专栏
02-23 8954
从本专栏开始，作者正式研究Python深度学习、神经网络及人工智能相关知识。前一篇文章分享了卷积神经网络CNN原理，并通过Keras编写CNN实现了MNIST分类学习案例。这篇文章将详细讲解循环神经网络RNN的原理知识，并采用TensorFlow实现手写数字识别的RNN分类案例及可视化呈现。基础性文章，希望对您有所帮助！
Python实现Keras搭建神经网络训练分类模型教程
菜鸟教程
06-16 7560
Python实现Keras搭建神经网络训练分类模型教程更多python视频教程请到菜鸟教程https://www.piaodoo.com/ 我就废话不多说了，大家还是直接看代码吧~ 注释讲解版： # Classifier example import numpy as np for reproducibility np.random.seed(1337) from keras.datasets import mnist from keras.utils import np_utils from
Python实现Keras搭建神经网络训练RNN分类模型
ZYYRWish_97的博客
06-03 1103
# RNN example import numpy as np # for reproducibility np.random.seed(1337) from keras.utils import np_utils from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import SimpleRNN, Dense, Activation from keras.optimizers import Adam # same as the height
利用Keras搭建神经网络做多分类任务
A496608119的博客
04-18 832
第一步：加入Macro-F1: 根据每一个类别的准召率计算F1值,然后求均值. 忽略了样本间分布出现的不平衡问题.或者：Micro-F1: 不区分类别,直接用总体样本的准召率计算F1-score.第二步：修改上面的训练代码。
python搭建神经网络模型,python实现神经网络算法
aifamao6的博客
08-30 952
。importmathimportrandom(0)defrand(a,b):#随机函数return(b-a)*random.random()+adefmake_matrix(m,n,fill=0.0):#创建一个指定大小的矩阵mat=[]foriinrange(m):mat.append([fill]*n)returnmat#定义sigmoid函数和它的导数defsigmoid(x):return1.0/((-x))defsigmoid_derivate(x):returnx*(1-x)#sigmoid函
keras简单神经网络搭建并训练测试
y459541195的博客
08-29 1269
通过Keras搭建简单的神经网络，这里以minist数据集为例，测试手写字体训练效果。 搭建网络 训练网络 测试网络
[Python人工智能] 十八.Keras搭建卷积神经网络及CNN原理详解
杨秀璋的专栏
02-19 1万+
从本专栏开始，作者正式研究Python深度学习、神经网络及人工智能相关知识。前一篇文章详细讲解了Keras实现分类学习，以MNIST数字图片为例进行讲解。本篇文章详细讲解了卷积神经网络CNN原理，并通过Keras编写CNN实现了MNIST分类学习案例。基础性文章，希望对您有所帮助！
如何用python搭建神经网络,python实现人工神经网络
神经网络爱好者
08-06 3366
官方不支持，建议等支持吧。dll有自己版本对应的，必须使用专门为python3.4编译的dll（），你拿python2.7的肯定用不了。如果非要使用——方法一：自己编译opencv的源码方法二：安装python2.7。搭建由一个输入层，一个隐藏层，一个输出层组成的三层神经网络。输入层中的节点数由数据的维度来决定，也就是2个。相应的，输出层的节点数则是由类的数量来决定，也是2个。（因为我们只有一个预测0和1的输出节点，所以我们只有两类输出，实际中，两个输出节点将更易于在后期进行扩展从而获得更多类别的输出）。以
python+keras框架搭建简单神经网路进行水果分类识别
最新发布
03-12
然后，我们使用keras框架搭建神经网络进行训练，以实现对水果的自动识别。最后也有相关的指标分析。 该压缩包种包括了训练文件train.py和测试文件test.py，训练文件代码中对图像的读取编码、模型的搭建及训练。测试...
Keras 实现加载预训练模型并冻结网络的层
12-17
Keras是一个高级神经网络API，它允许用户方便地加载和使用这些预训练模型。 在Keras中，加载预训练模型的基本步骤如下： 1. **导入预训练模型**： 使用`tensorflow.python.keras.applications`模块可以轻松导入预...
Python-基于卷积神经网络的Keras音频分类器
08-11
本项目"Python-基于卷积神经网络的Keras音频分类器"就是这样一个例子，它展示了如何利用Keras库构建一个能够对音频进行智能分类的模型。 Keras是一个高级神经网络API，运行在TensorFlow、Theano或Microsoft ...
解决：python3类定义写法，(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
热门推荐
ZYYRWish_97的博客
05-10 2万+
class Solution: def arrayPairSum(self, nums: List[int]) -> int: return sum(sorted(nums)[0::2]) 这段代码是LeetCode上的，我没有接触过这种定义写法。 这是新增的语法，为了说明参数和返回值的数据类型。不过仅仅的给人看的，实际上程序并不检查是否是相符的。 故意写错了，一样可以正常运行。 def fun(x: int) -> str: return [x] >&
什么是基线评估(Baseline Evaluation)
ZYYRWish_97的博客
07-20 1万+
在CVPR2016的best paper, 也就是何凯明的Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition一文中，对于34层残差卷积神经网络和34层普通卷积神经网络，做了对比，在对比中普通CNN被称为plain baseline(3.3开头处); ICCV2017的一篇使用GAN进行数据增强的文章Unlabeled Samples Generated by GAN Improve the Person Re-indentification Baseline in vi
Python中reshape函数参数-1的含义
ZYYRWish_97的博客
06-03 4602
# data pre-processing # normalize # X shape (60,000 28x28)，表示输入数据 X 是个三维的数据 # 可以理解为 60000行数据，每一行是一张28 x 28 的灰度图片 # X_train.reshape(X_train.shape[0], -1)表示：只保留第一维，其余的纬度，不管多少纬度，重新排列为一维 # 参数-1就是不知道行数或者列数多少的情况下使用的参数 # 所以先确定除了参数-1之外的其他参数，然后通过(总参数的计算) / (确定除了参数-
Python实现Keras搭建神经网络训练回归模型
ZYYRWish_97的博客
06-02 4111
# Regressor example import numpy as np # for reproducibility np.random.seed(1337) from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import Dense import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # create some data X = np.linspace(-1, 1, 200) # randomize the data np.ra
Python和Numpy构建神经网络模型预测波士顿房价
ZYYRWish_97的博客
06-11 3676
代码所需文件housing.data 链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1oZbuUAtnEFf44w2tkUorpg 提取码：ntr1 构建一个基于下图13个因素进行房价预测的模型 # 导入需要用到的package import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt def load_data(): # 从文件导入数据 datafile = './housing.data' data = np.fromfi
Python语言编写程序，搭建神经网络，实现垃圾分类。
06-12
3. 搭建神经网络：使用Python编写程序，搭建神经网络模型。可以使用TensorFlow、Keras、PyTorch等深度学习框架。可以选择卷积神经网络、全连接神经网络或者其他结构。 4. 训练模型：使用收集到的数据集对神经网络...

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