nginx+keepalived 高可用项目实战

1. 概念

keepalived是什么
    keepalived是集群管理中保证集群高可用的一个服务软件，用来防止单点故障。

keepalived工作原理
    keepalived是以VRRP协议为实现基础的，VRRP全称Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol，即虚拟路由冗余协议。

虚拟路由冗余协议，可以认为是实现路由器高可用的协议，即将N台提供相同功能的路由器组成一个路由器组，这个组里面有一个master和多个backup，master上面有一个对外提供服务的vip（该路由器所在局域网内其他机器的默认路由为该vip），master会发组播，当backup收不到vrrp包时就认为master宕掉了，这时就需要根据VRRP的优先级来选举一个backup当master。这样的话就可以保证路由器的高可用了。

2、Nginx+keepalived实现七层的负载均衡

Nginx通过Upstream模块实现负载均衡

主机名	ip	系统	用途
Proxy-master	172.16.147.155	centos7.5	主负载
Proxy-slave	172.16.147.156	centos7.5	主备
Real-server1	172.16.147.153	Centos7.5	web1
Real-server2	172.16.147.154	centos7.5	Web2
Vip for proxy	172.16.147.100

一、实施过程 
1、选择两台nginx服务器作为代理服务器。
2、给两台代理服务器安装keepalived制作高可用生成VIP
3、配置nginx的负载均衡

# 两台配置完全一样
[root@proxy-master ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;
    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    upstream backend {
    server 172.16.147.154:80 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=20s;
    server 172.16.147.153:80 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=20s;
    }
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend;
        proxy_set_header Host $host:$proxy_port;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
        }
    }
}

Keepalived实现调度器HA
1. 主/备调度器安装软件

[root@proxy-master ~]# yum install -y keepalived
[root@proxy-slave ~]# yum install -y keepalived
[root@proxy-master ~]# cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.bak
[root@proxy-master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id directory1   #辅助改为directory2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER        #定义主还是备
    interface ens33     #VIP绑定接口
    virtual_router_id 80  #整个集群的调度器一致
    priority 100         #back改为50
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.16.147.100/24   # vip
    }
}

备用机器也添加配置文件

[root@proxy-slave ~]# cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.bak
[root@proxy-slave ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id directory2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP    #设置为backup
    interface ens33
    nopreempt        #设置到back上面，不抢占资源
    virtual_router_id 80
    priority 50   #辅助改为50
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.16.147.100/24
    }
}

启动keepalived 主备都启动

[root@proxy-master ~]# systemctl enable keepalived
[root@proxy-slave ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@proxy-master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 172.16.147.100/32 scope global lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:ec:8a:fe brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.147.155/24 brd 172.16.147.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens33
       valid_lft 1115sec preferred_lft 1115sec
    inet 172.16.147.101/24 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

现在就实现了两台机器的高可用，两台高可用的机器都作为另外两台nginx服务器的负载均衡器，一台机器down掉了，会自动漂移到另一台备用机器上继续访问