C与指针第一章编程练习

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已于 2024-05-20 14:10:07 修改

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分类专栏： C语言学习之《C与指针》文章标签： c语言 java 前端

于 2024-01-06 16:59:53 首次发布

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本文展示了C语言中的四个程序片段，涉及基本的字符输入处理、字符串操作，以及按指定列重组输入行的功能。展示了如何使用`getchar()`、`printf()`、`strlen()`和`strncpy()`等函数实现这些功能。

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
    printf("Hello World!\n");
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	int ch,n=1;
	while( ch !=EOF)
	{
		ch=getchar();
		if(ch=='\n')
		{
			printf("   %d",n);
			n++;
		}
		putchar(ch);
	}
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
    signed char checkSum = -1;
    signed char chInput;

    while (chInput != '\n') // input: Hello world!
    {
        chInput = getchar();
        checkSum += chInput;
        putchar(chInput);
    }

    printf("\n%d\n", checkSum); // 102
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

const int g_ciStrLength = 1000;

int main()
{
    int iSumFlag = 0;           // 记录每行的字符串长度
    int iSumMax = 0;            // 记录输入的最大行的行数
    char vecStr[g_ciStrLength][g_ciStrLength]; //记录输入的字符串
    int iLineNo = 0;            //记录行号
    int iLongestNo = 0;         // 记录最长字符串的行号
    while ((vecStr[iLineNo][iSumFlag] = getchar()) != EOF)
    {
        ++iSumFlag;             // 计算当前行的字符串个数
        if (vecStr[iLineNo][iSumFlag] == '\n')
        {
            if (iSumMax < iSumFlag)
            {
                iSumMax = iSumFlag;
                iLongestNo = iLineNo;
            }
            ++iLineNo;
            iSumFlag = 0;
        }
        
    }
    printf("\n");
    //输出最长的字符串
    for (int i = 0; i < iSumMax; ++i)
    {
        printf("%c", vecStr[iLongestNo][i]);
    }
    

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_COLS 20         /*max # of columns to process*/
#define MAX_INPUT 1000      /*max # of input & output lines*/

int     ReadColumnNumber(int columns[], int max);
void    ReArrange(char *output, char const *input, int n_columns, int const columns[]);

int main()
{
    int     n_columns;              /* # of columns to process */
    int     columns[MAX_COLS];      /* the columns to process */
    char    input[MAX_INPUT];       /* array for input line */
    char    output[MAX_INPUT]; 	    /* array for output line */

    //Read the list of column numbers
    n_columns = ReadColumnNumber(columns, MAX_COLS);

    //Read, process and print the remaining lines of input.
    while (gets(input) != NULL)     //原文用gets函数，但是gets函数已经被弃�?
    {
        printf("Original input: %s\n", input);
        ReArrange(output, input, n_columns, columns);
        printf("Rearranged line: %s\n", output);
    }

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

/*
** Read the list of column numbers, ignoring any beyond the specified
** maximum.
*/
int ReadColumnNumber(int columns[],int max)
{
    int num = 0;
    int ch;

	// Get the numbers, stopping at eof or when a number is < 0.
    while (num < max && scanf("%d", &columns[num]) == 1 && columns[num] >= 0)
    {
        num++;
    }
    /*
    ** Make sure we have an even number of inputs, as they are
    ** supposed to be paired.
    */
    if (num %2 != 0) 
    {
        puts("Last column number is not paired.");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    /*
    ** Discard the rest of the line that contained the final
    ** number.
    */
    while ((ch = getchar()) != EOF && ch != '\n')
    ;
    return num;
    
}
/*
处理一个输入行，方法是把指定列的字符连接在一起。输出行用NUL结尾。
*/
void ReArrange(char *output, char const *input, int n_columns, int const columns[])
{
    int col;/* columns数组的下标 */
    int output_col;/* 输出列计数器 */
    int len;/* 输入行的长度 */

    len = strlen(input);
    output_col = 0;//需要输出字符的个数，同时作为标志位方便追加字符

	/*
	**  处理每对列号
	*/
    for (col = 0; col < n_columns; col += 2)
    {
        int nchars = columns[col + 1] - columns[col] + 1;

        // 如果输入行没这么长，跳过这个范围。
        if (columns[col] >= len)
            continue;

        // 如果输出数组已满，任务就完成。
        if (output_col == MAX_INPUT - 1)    
        {
            break;
        }
        /*
		如果输出数组空间不够，只复制可以容纳的部分。
		*/
        if (output_col + nchars > MAX_INPUT -1)
            nchars = MAX_INPUT - output_col - 1;
        /*
        ** 观察输入行中多少个字符在这个范围里面。如果它小于nchars,
        ** 对nchars的值进行调整。
        */
        if (columns[col] + nchars - 1 > len)
            nchars = len - columns[col];
		/*
		** Copy the relevant data.
		*/
        strncpy(output + output_col, input + columns[col], nchars);
        // strcpy(output + output_col, input + columns[col]);//好像没什么影响
        output_col += nchars;  
    }

    output[output_col] = '\0';
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_COLS 20         /*max # of columns to process*/
#define MAX_INPUT 1000      /*max # of input & output lines*/

int     ReadColumnNumber(int columns[], int max);
void    ReArrange(char *output, char const *input, int n_columns, int const columns[]);

int main()
{
    int     n_columns;              /* # of columns to process */
    int     columns[MAX_COLS];      /* the columns to process */
    char    input[MAX_INPUT];       /* array for input line */
    char    output[MAX_INPUT]; 	    /* array for output line */

    //Read the list of column numbers
    n_columns = ReadColumnNumber(columns, MAX_COLS);

    //Read, process and print the remaining lines of input.
    while (gets(input) != NULL)     //原文用gets函数，但是gets函数已经被弃�?
    {
        printf("Original input: %s\n", input);
        ReArrange(output, input, n_columns, columns);
        printf("Rearranged line: %s\n", output);
    }

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

/*
** Read the list of column numbers, ignoring any beyond the specified
** maximum.
*/
int ReadColumnNumber(int columns[],int max)
{
    int num = 0;
    int ch;

	// Get the numbers, stopping at eof or when a number is < 0.
    while (num < max && scanf("%d", &columns[num]) == 1 && columns[num] >= 0)
    {
        num++;
    }

    // 将原本这里判断奇偶的语句删掉
    while ((ch = getchar()) != EOF && ch != '\n')
    ;
    return num;
    
}
/*
** Process a line of input by concatenating the characters from
** the indicated columns.  The output line is then NUL terminated.
*/
void ReArrange(char *output, char const *input, int n_columns, int const columns[])
{
    int col;/* subscript for columns array */
    int output_col;/* output column counter */
    int len;/* length of input line */

    len = strlen(input);
    output_col = 0;//需要输出字符的个数，同时作为标志位方便追加字符

	/*
	** Process each pair of column numbers.
	*/
    for (col = 0; col < n_columns; col += 2)
    {
        int nchars = columns[col + 1] - columns[col] + 1;

        if (col + 1 < n_columns)
            nchars=columns[col+1]-columns[col]+1;
        else
            nchars=len;

        if (columns[col] >= len || output_col == MAX_INPUT - 1)    
        {
            break;
        }
        /*
		** If there isn't room in the output array, only copy
		** what will fit.
		*/
        if (output_col + nchars > MAX_INPUT -1)
            nchars = MAX_INPUT - output_col - 1;

		/*
		** Copy the relevant data.
		*/
        strncpy(output + output_col, input + columns[col], nchars);
        // strcpy(output + output_col, input + columns[col]);//好像没什么影响
        output_col += nchars;  
    }

    output[output_col] = '\0';
}