python基础：二，列表

# 3.1 列表是什么

bicycles = ['trek','sa','sd','9o']
print(bicycles)

##  3.1.1 访问列表元素

bicycles = ['trek','sa','sd','jo']
print(bicycles[0])
print(bicycles[1])
print(bicycles[2])
print(bicycles[3])

print(bicycles[4])

#### 使用title方法得到首字母大写格式

bicycles[3].title()

##  3.1.2 索引从0开始

索引为负数，就为返回列表的倒数第几个元素

print(bicycles[-1])
print(bicycles[-2])
print(bicycles[-3])
print(bicycles[-4])

## 3.1.3 使用列表中的各个值

任务：打印：My first bicycle was a Trek

bicycles = ['trek','sa','sd','jo']
message = f"My first bicycle was a {bicycles[0].title()}"
print(message)

把花括号内的变量1替换为其值

## 3.2 修改，添加和删除元素

## 3.2.1 修改列表元素

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']
print(motorcycles)

motorcycles[0] = 'ducati'
print(motorcycles)

## 3.2.2 在列表中添加元素

### 1，在列表末尾添加元素-append

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']
print(motorcycles)

motorcycles.append("ducati")
print(motorcycles)

motorcycles = []

motorcycles.append("honda")
motorcycles.append("yanda")
motorcycles.append("suxika")
print(motorcycles)

### 2,在列表中插入元素 -insert

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']
print(motorcycles)

motorcycles.insert(0,"ducat")
print(motorcycles)

## 3.2.3 从列表中删除元素

### 1,使用del语句删除元素

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']
print(motorcycles)

del motorcycles[0]
print(motorcycles)

del motorcycles[1]
print(motorcycles)

### 2，使用方法pop()删除元素

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']
print(motorcycles)

popped_motorcycle = motorcycles.pop()
print(motorcycles)   #删除后的列表
print(popped_motorcycle)  #弹出来的变量

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']
last_owned = motorcycles.pop()
print(f"The last motorcycle is a {last_owned.title()}")

### 3，弹出列表中任何位置处的元素-pop(x)

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']
first_owned = motorcycles.pop(0)  #指定pop（）元素
print(f"The first motorcycle is a {first_owned.title()}")

### 4，根据值删除元素 -remove

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']
print(motorcycles)

motorcycles.remove("honda")
print(motorcycles)

## 3.3 组织列表

### 3.3.1 使用方法x.sort()对列表永久排序


按字母顺序排序-sort()

cars = ['bmw','audi','toyota','subaru']
print(cars)

cars.sort()
print(cars)

按字母相反顺序排序-sort(reverse = True)

cars.sort(reverse = True)
print(cars)

### 3.3.2 使用函数x.sorted(x)对列表临时排序

cars = ['bmw','audi','toyota','subaru']
print(cars)

print("\nHere is the sorted list:")
print(sorted(cars))  #临时排序

print(cars)        #原本序列

### 3.3.3 倒着打印列表--reverse()永久修改
reverse()不是按与字母相反的顺序排列列表元素，而只是反转列表元素的排列顺序

cars = ['bmw','audi','toyota','subaru']
print(cars)

cars.reverse()  #反转列表元素
print(cars)

cars.reverse()  #再反转列表元素
print(cars)

## 3.3.4 确定列表的长度-len(x)

cars = ['bmw','audi','toyota','subaru']
print(cars)

len(cars)  #长度从1开始

## 3.4 使用列表时避免索引错误

cars = ['bmw','audi','toyota','subaru']
print(cars[4])

cars = ['bmw','audi','toyota','subaru']
len(cars)