python 基础：九，文件和异常

1，文件的读取

# 1，读取文件内容并打印
# with open('源代码文件\chapter_10\pi_digits.txt') as fp:
#     content = fp.read()
# print(content.rstrip())  #去除空行


# 2，文件路径创建成一个对象
# file_path = 'C:/Users/zxr/Desktop/python文件/源代码文件/chapter_10/pi_digits.txt'  #绝对路径/
# with open(file_path) as fp1:
#     contents = fp1.read()
# print(contents.rstrip())

# 3，逐行读取
# file_path = 'C:/Users/zxr/Desktop/python文件/源代码文件/chapter_10/pi_digits.txt'  #绝对路径/
# with open(file_path) as fp1:
#     for line in fp1:
#         print(line.rstrip())

# 4,把文件内容存在列表中，文件外也可以用
# file_path = 'C:/Users/zxr/Desktop/python文件/源代码文件/chapter_10/pi_digits.txt'  #绝对路径/
# with open(file_path) as fp1:
#     lines = fp1.readlines()   #每行读出来，存成列表
#     # print(lines)
# for line in lines:   #从列表中读取数据
#     print(line.rstrip())

# 5,三行变成一行
# file_path = 'C:/Users/zxr/Desktop/python文件/源代码文件/chapter_10/pi_digits.txt'  #绝对路径/
# with open(file_path) as fp1:
#     lines = fp1.readlines()   #每行读出来，存成列表
# pi_string = ''
# for line in lines: #取出列表中的每个元素
#     pi_string += line.strip()  #去除左右空格

# print(pi_string)
# print(len(pi_string))


# # 6，打印小鼠后的52位数字
# file_path = '源代码文件/chapter_10/pi_million_digits.txt'  #绝对路径/
# with open(file_path) as fp1:
#     lines = fp1.readlines()   #每行读出来，存成列表
# pi_string = ''
# for line in lines: #取出列表中的每个元素
#     pi_string += line.strip()  #去除左右空格

# print(f"{pi_string[:52]}...")  #取小数点后52位（切片）
# print(len(pi_string))


# 7，判断生日是否在这个小数12中
file_path = '源代码文件/chapter_10/pi_million_digits.txt'  #绝对路径/
with open(file_path) as fp1:
    lines = fp1.readlines()   #每行读出来，存成列表
pi_string = ''
for line in lines: #取出列表中的每个元素
    pi_string += line.strip()  #去除左右空格

birthday = input("Enter your birthday,in the form mmddyy:")
if birthday in pi_string:
    print("Your birthday appears in the first millon digits of pi!")
else:
     print("Your birthday appears not in the first millon digits of pi!")

2，写文件

# 1,保存文档  ’w'
file_path = 'C:/Users/zxr/Desktop/python文件/programming.txt'
with open(file_path,'w') as fp:
    fp.write(" trrb bwj ew.\n")
    fp.write(" wrcvw wrvcr rwv bvt.\n")


# 2，追加内容  ‘a'
file_path = 'C:/Users/zxr/Desktop/python文件/programming.txt'
with open(file_path,'a') as fp:
    fp.write(" 啊读书  .\n")
    fp.write(" 日vct率TV 热风.\n")

3，异常处理

# 1,解决异常  try代码执行后，没有异常就会忽略except后面的内容；出现异常并且和指定的异常是相同的，就会执行except后面缩进的代码
try:
    print(5/0)
except  ZeroDivisionError:
    print("You can't divide by zero!")

print("  Give me two number,and I'll divide them. ")
print("Enter 'q' to quit. ")

while True:
    first_number = input("\n First number:")
    if first_number == 'q':
        break
    second_number = input("\n Second number:")
    if second_number == 'q':
        break
    try:
        answer = int(first_number) / int(second_number)  #解决这个代码出现的异常
    except ZeroDivisionError:
        print("You can't divide by zero!")
    else:
        print(answer)

# 文件找不到异常
filename = 'alice.txt'
try:
    with open(filename,encoding='utf-8') as f:
        f.read()
except FileNotFoundError:
    print(f"Sorry ,the file {filename} does not exits.")

# # 按照x进行切分成列表
# title = "ewq  d3e2 c23cf4"
# print(title.split())


#try一定会执行。不通过就执行except的代码，通过就执行else代码
def count_words(filenamee):
    '''计算一个文件大致包含多少个单词''' 
    try:
        with open(filename,encoding='utf-8') as f:
            content = f.read()
    except FileNotFoundError:
        # print(f"Sorry ,the file {filename} does not exits.")
        pass  #忽略不存在的文件
    else:
        # 计算文件中包含多少个单词
        word = content.split()
        num_words = len(word)
        print(f"The file {filename} has about {num_words} words")

filenames = ['源代码文件/chapter_10/alice.txt','源代码文件/chapter_10/pi_digits.txt']
for filename in filenames:
    count_words(filename)

4，存储数据

# 1,json文件的创建
import json
numbers = [2,4,5,6,8,95]
filename = 'number.json'  #创建一个json文件
with open(filename,'w') as f:
    json.dump(numbers,f)  #保存json数据，要存的数据存在哪里？f中

# 2,json文件的读取
import json
filename = 'number.json'  #创建一个json文件
with open(filename) as f:
    numbers = json.load(f)   #打开文件后，读取内容到numbers变量中
print(numbers)

# 保存和读取用户生成的数据
# 1,把用户输入的名字保存到某个json文件中  
# import json

# username = input("What is your name?")
# filename = 'username.json'
# with open(filename,'w') as f:
#     json.dump(username,f)
#     print(f"We'll remember you when you come back,{username}!")


# 2,向用户打招呼
import json

filename = 'username.json'
with open(filename) as f:
    usernames = json.load(f)
    print(f"Welcome back,{usernames}")