Opencv 图像形态学：腐蚀操作，膨胀操作，开运算闭运算，梯度运算，礼帽与黑帽

腐蚀操作

使用腐蚀操作的大前提是黑底白字，具有二值性
其中iteration是迭代次数，迭代值越大腐蚀性越高
腐蚀的一个例子是在黑底白字中去除与白字相连的毛刺

import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np

img = cv.imread("D:/Coding/rat2.jpg")
kernal=np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
#创建各个元素都是1的卷积矩阵
eronsion=cv.erode(img,kernal,iterations=1)
cv.namedWindow("eronsion output",cv.WINDOW_FREERATIO)
cv.imshow("eronsion output",eronsion)
cv.waitKey(0)
cv.destroyAllWindows()

膨胀操作

使用膨胀操作的大前提是黑底白字，具有二值性
其中iteration是迭代次数，迭代值越大腐蚀性越高

import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np

img = cv.imread("D:/Coding/rat2.jpg")
kernal=np.ones((3,3),np.uint8)
#创建各个元素都是1的卷积矩阵
dig_dilate=cv.dilate(img,kernal,iterations=1)
cv.namedWindow("eronsion output",cv.WINDOW_FREERATIO)
cv.imshow("eronsion output",dig_dilate)
cv.waitKey(0)
cv.destroyAllWindows()

开运算闭运算

开运算

先腐蚀再膨胀

import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np

img = cv.imread("D:/Coding/rat2.jpg")
kernal=np.ones((3,3),np.uint8)
#创建各个元素都是1的卷积矩阵
openning=cv.morphologyEx(img,cv.MORPH_OPEN,kernal)
cv.namedWindow("eronsion output",cv.WINDOW_FREERATIO)
cv.imshow("eronsion output",openning)
cv.waitKey(0)
cv.destroyAllWindows()

闭运算

先膨胀再腐蚀

import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np

img = cv.imread("D:/Coding/rat2.jpg")
kernal=np.ones((3,3),np.uint8)
#创建各个元素都是1的卷积矩阵
openning=cv.morphologyEx(img,cv.MORPH_CLOSE,kernal)
cv.namedWindow("eronsion output",cv.WINDOW_FREERATIO)
cv.imshow("eronsion output",openning)
cv.waitKey(0)
cv.destroyAllWindows()

梯度运算

梯度=膨胀减腐蚀得到边界信息

import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np

img = cv.imread("D:/Coding/rat2.jpg")
kernal=np.ones((3,3),np.uint8)
#创建各个元素都是1的卷积矩阵
gradient=cv.morphologyEx(img,cv.MORPH_GRADIENT,kernal)
cv.namedWindow("gradient output",cv.WINDOW_FREERATIO)
cv.imshow("gradient output",gradient)
cv.waitKey(0)
cv.destroyAllWindows()

礼帽与黑帽

礼帽

礼帽=原始数据-开运算=原始数据-（先腐蚀再膨胀）
带刺-不带刺=刺

import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np

img = cv.imread("D:/Coding/rat2.jpg")
kernal=np.ones((3,3),np.uint8)
#创建各个元素都是1的卷积矩阵
tophat=cv.morphologyEx(img,cv.MORPH_TOPHAT,kernal)
cv.namedWindow("tophat output",cv.WINDOW_FREERATIO)
cv.imshow("tophat output",tophat)
cv.waitKey(0)
cv.destroyAllWindows()

黑帽

笔帽=闭运算-原始数据=（先膨胀再腐蚀）-原始数据
剩下原始数据轮廓

import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np

img = cv.imread("D:/Coding/rat2.jpg")
kernal=np.ones((3,3),np.uint8)
#创建各个元素都是1的卷积矩阵
blackhat=cv.morphologyEx(img,cv.MORPH_BLACKHAT,kernal)
cv.namedWindow("blackhat",cv.WINDOW_FREERATIO)
cv.imshow("blackhat",blackhat)
cv.waitKey(0)
cv.destroyAllWindows()