python笔记1

8.字典

字典的定义 name = {键：值，键：值}(键值对)

name = {"mingzi":"张三","addr":"陕西","age":18}
print("%s   %s   %d"%(name["mingzi"],name["addr"],name["age"]))
#输出结果为 张三   陕西   18

1.给字典添加（修改）键值对

name[键] = 值 （当键存在name里，就是修改）

name = {"mingzi":"张三"}
name["age"] = 18
#name = {"mingzi":"张三","age":18}
name["age"] = 20
#name = {"mingzi":"张三","age":20}

2.删除键值对

del name[键]

name = {"mingzi":"张三","age":18}
del name["age"]
#name = {"mingzi":"张三"}

3.查找

name.get(键)

如果有返回对应的值，没有不返回值

name = {"mingzi":"张三","age":18}
name.get("age")
#返回值 18

4.列表里存字典

names = [{“mingzi”:“张三”,“age”:18},{“mingzi”:“李四”,“age”:21}]

names = [{"mingzi":"张三","age":18},{"mingzi":"李四","age":21}]
for a in names:
    print(a)
#输出为{"mingzi":"张三","age":18}     {"mingzi":"李四","age":21}
for a in names:
    print(a["age"])
#输出为18    21

5.测量字典里的键值对

a = {"name":"xiaoming","age":12}
b = len(a)
print(b)#b的值为2

a = {"name":"xiaoming","age":12}
if "name" in a.keys():  #a.keys()返回字典a里的键
    print("有这个键")

a = {"name":"xiaoming","age":12}
if 12 in a.values():   #a.values()返回字典a里的值
    print("有这个值")

a = {"name":"xiaoming","age":12}
for b in a.items(): #a.items()得到的是将键值对封装成元组的列表
    print(b)
#输出为("name","xiaoming")   ("age",12)

a = {"name":"xiaoming","age":12}
for b in a.items():
    print("key=%s,value=%s"%(b[0],b[1]))

a = {"name":"xiaoming","age":12}
for A,B in a.items():    #拆包
    print("key=%s,value=%s"%(A,B))

9.元组

python的元组与列表类似，不同之处在于元组的元素不能修改，只能查，元组使用小括号，列表使用方括号。

names = (11,22,33)

names = (11,22,33)
a,b,c = names #a,b,c = (11,22,33)相当于拆包
print("%d,%d,%d"%(a,b,c))
#输出为11,22,33