8.字典
字典的定义 name = {键:值,键:值}(键值对)
name = {"mingzi":"张三","addr":"陕西","age":18}
print("%s %s %d"%(name["mingzi"],name["addr"],name["age"]))
#输出结果为 张三 陕西 18
1.给字典添加(修改)键值对
name[键] = 值 (当键存在name里,就是修改)
name = {"mingzi":"张三"}
name["age"] = 18
#name = {"mingzi":"张三","age":18}
name["age"] = 20
#name = {"mingzi":"张三","age":20}
2.删除键值对
del name[键]
name = {"mingzi":"张三","age":18}
del name["age"]
#name = {"mingzi":"张三"}
3.查找
name.get(键)
如果有返回对应的值,没有不返回值
name = {"mingzi":"张三","age":18}
name.get("age")
#返回值 18
4.列表里存字典
names = [{“mingzi”:“张三”,“age”:18},{“mingzi”:“李四”,“age”:21}]
names = [{"mingzi":"张三","age":18},{"mingzi":"李四","age":21}]
for a in names:
print(a)
#输出为{"mingzi":"张三","age":18} {"mingzi":"李四","age":21}
for a in names:
print(a["age"])
#输出为18 21
5.测量字典里的键值对
a = {"name":"xiaoming","age":12}
b = len(a)
print(b)#b的值为2
a = {"name":"xiaoming","age":12}
if "name" in a.keys(): #a.keys()返回字典a里的键
print("有这个键")
a = {"name":"xiaoming","age":12}
if 12 in a.values(): #a.values()返回字典a里的值
print("有这个值")
a = {"name":"xiaoming","age":12}
for b in a.items(): #a.items()得到的是将键值对封装成元组的列表
print(b)
#输出为("name","xiaoming") ("age",12)
a = {"name":"xiaoming","age":12}
for b in a.items():
print("key=%s,value=%s"%(b[0],b[1]))
a = {"name":"xiaoming","age":12}
for A,B in a.items(): #拆包
print("key=%s,value=%s"%(A,B))
9.元组
python的元组与列表类似,不同之处在于元组的元素不能修改,只能查,元组使用小括号,列表使用方括号。
names = (11,22,33)
names = (11,22,33)
a,b,c = names #a,b,c = (11,22,33)相当于拆包
print("%d,%d,%d"%(a,b,c))
#输出为11,22,33