ubuntu 18.4 笔记

更换国内源

编辑（gedit /VI/ EMACS） /etc/apt/sources.list

$ sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

######## 阿里云源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe
multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main
restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/
bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted
universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/
bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe
multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security
main restricted universe multiverse deb-src
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/
bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted
universe multiverse

######## 清华源 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main
restricted universe multiverse deb
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main
restricted universe multiverse deb
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main
restricted universe multiverse deb
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main
restricted universe multiverse deb-src
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
universe multiverse deb-src
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main
restricted universe multiverse deb-src
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main
restricted universe multiverse deb-src
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main
restricted universe multiverse deb-src
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main
restricted universe multiverse
######## 中科大源 deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/
bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb
https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted
universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/
bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb
https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted
universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic
main restricted universe multiverse deb-src
https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/
bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src
https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted
universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/
bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

保存文件后命令行输入：

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade

安装指定版本的nodejs

执行：

$ wget -qO- https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_8.x | sudo -E bash -
$ sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
 

安装sshserver

检验Ubuntu系统中是否已经安装有ssh， 命令行：service ssh start

如果检测出没有这项服务，就可以输入：sudo apt-get install openssh-server进行安装

安装完成后输入：sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start 开启服务

安装MongoDB 社区版

1. 引入包管理使用的public key

$ wget -qO - https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-4.2.asc | sudo apt-key add -

如果上面执行失败，执行如下命令：

$ sudo apt-get install gnupg

$ wget -qO - https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-4.2.asc | sudo apt-key add -

2. Create a list file for MongoDB

$ echo "deb [ arch=amd64 ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu bionic/mongodb-org/4.2 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-4.2.list

3. 重新加载包database

$ sudo apt-get update

4. 安装 MongoDB 安装包.
   安装最新稳定版：

$ sudo apt-get install -y mongodb-org

安装指定版：

$ sudo apt-get install -y mongodb-org=4.2.3 mongodb-org-server=4.2.3 mongodb-org-shell=4.2.3 mongodb-org-mongos=4.2.3 mongodb-org-tools=4.2.3

使用MongoDB

1. 启动

 $ sudo systemctl start mongod

如果启动失败：“Failed to start mongod.service: Unit mongod.service not found.”
执行如下命令：

$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload

2. 验证是否成功启动

$ sudo systemctl status mongod

让MongoDB在系统重启的时候启动：

$ sudo systemctl enable mongod

3. 停止

$ sudo systemctl stop mongod

4. 重启

$ sudo systemctl restart mongod

安装docker

允许apt通过Https更新

$ sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common

在/etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list文件中添加下面内容

deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu artful
stable

添加Docker官方的GPG密钥：

$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

更新 apt package index:

$ sudo apt-get update

安装

$ sudo apt install docker-ce

安装K8S

安装单节点MicroK8s。MicroK8S是一种部署在ubuntu上轻量级全功能的kubernetes服务。

1. 安装最新版本MicroK8s
   MicroK8s is packaged as a snap which requires snapd to be installed. The latest Ubuntu release comes with this already built in. 对于其他linux系统需要先安装 snapd.
   使用以下命令安装最新版：

 $ sudo snap install microk8s --classic

2. 安装制定版本MicroK8s

使用以下命令列出所有可以安装的MicroK8s版本:

$ snap info microk8s

使用以下命令安装 1.14 stable版本的 MicroK8s:

$ sudo snap install microk8s --classic --channel=1.14/stable

3. 其它命令
   验证安装是否成功：

$ microk8s.status

To block until MicroK8s is ready, use the following command:

$ microk8s.status --wait-ready

Accessing Kubernetes: MicroK8s embeds a kubectl and a .kubeconfig file required for accessing the installed MicroK8s. This avoids colliding with any local versions that might be already installed. Here is an example of how to use this:

$ microk8s.kubectl

If you would like to use the MicroK8s kubectl and .kubeconfig file locally, you can do the following:

$ snap alias microk8s.kubectl kubectl

$ microk8s.kubectl config view --raw > $HOME/.kube/config