PYTHON基础-模块和包

模块

模块的概念

模块的导入

import

import hm_099_测试模块1
import hm_100_测试模块2

hm_099_测试模块1.say_hello()
hm_100_测试模块2.say_hello()

dog = hm_099_测试模块1.Dog()
print(dog)

cat = hm_100_测试模块2.Cat()
print(cat)

import hm_099_测试模块1 as DogModule
import hm_100_测试模块2 as CatModule

DogModule.say_hello()
CatModule.say_hello()

dog = DogModule.Dog()
print(dog)

cat = CatModule.Cat()
print(cat)

from……import……

from hm_099_测试模块1 import Dog
from hm_100_测试模块2 import say_hello

say_hello()

wangcai = Dog()
print(wangcai)

导入所有工具

from hm_099_测试模块1 import *
from hm_100_测试模块2 import *

print(title)
say_hello()

wangcai = Dog()
print(wangcai)

from hm_099_测试模块1 import say_hello as module2_say_hello
from hm_100_测试模块2 import say_hello

say_hello()
module2_say_hello()

模块的搜索顺序

import random

print(random.__file__)

rand = random.randint(0, 10)

print(rand)

模块原则-每一个文件都应该是可以被导入的

name

# 全局变量/函数/类/，注意：直接执行的代码不是向外界提供的工具

def say_hello():
    print("你好，我是say_hello")

#如果直接执行模块，__main__
if __name__ == "__main__":
    print(__name__)

    # 文件被导入时，能够直接执行的代码不需要被执行
    print("小明开发的模块")
    say_hello()

import hm_107_name模块

print("-" * 50)

包

包的案例

init.py

from . import send_message
from . import receive_message

receive_message.py

def receive():
    return "这是来自 110 的短信"

send_message.py

def send(text):
    print("正在发送 %s ..." % text)

导入包

import hm_message

hm_message.send_message.send("hello")

txt = hm_message.receive_message.receive()
print(txt)

发布模块

制作要发布的压缩包

创建setup.py

构建模块

生成发布压缩包

安装模块

pip安装第三方模块

在MAC下安装iPython

在LINUX下安装iPython