STL::string容器

string基本概念

• 本质

  • 是一个类
  • char*是一个指针
  • 封装了很多成员方法find 、 copy、delete、replace、insert

• 构造函数

  • string();

    string(const char* s);

  • stirng(const string& str);

  • string (int n, char c);

void test01()
{
	std::string s1;//default constructor
	const char* str = "hello world";
	std::string s2(str);// 有参构造
	std::string s3(s2);// copy constructor
	string s4(10, 'a');// 有参构造
	cout << "s1:" << s1 <<"\n"
		<<"s2:"<< s2 << "\n"
		<<"s3:"<< s3  << "\n"
		<<"s4:"<< s4 << endl;
}

赋值操作

void test01()
{
	
	string str1, str2, str3;
	//等号赋值
	str1 = "hello world";
	str2 = str1;
	str3 = 'a';
	cout << "s1:" << str1 << "\n"
		<< "s2:" << str2 << "\n"
		<< "s3:" << str3 << endl;
	//assign 赋值
	str1.assign("hello world!");
	str2.assign("hello world!", 5);
	str3.assign(str2);
	string str4;
	str4.assign(10, 'a');
	cout << "s1:" << str1 << "\n"
		<< "s2:" << str2 << "\n"
		<< "s3:" << str3 << "\n"
		<< "s4:" <<str4 << endl;
}

字符串拼接

void test01()
{
	string str1 = "I ";
	str1 += "love playing game";
	str1 += '!';
	string str2 = "such as DNF";
	str1 += str2;
	str1.append(" and LOL");
	str1.append(" :)! m ===", 3);
	string str3 = "\nBut now";
	str1.append(str3);
	string str4 = "sda I love kkssdaqweea";
	str1.append(str4, 3, 8);//起始位置， 字符串长度;
	str1.append("you more!");
	cout << str1 << endl;	
}

查找和替换

void test01()
{
	string str1 = "abcdefg";
	int a = str1.find("def");// return the index of result, if not find, return -1, start from begining;
	int b = str1.rfind("def");// return the index of result, if not find, return -1, start from end;
	
	str1.replace(a, b, "1111"); //从a下标起， b个字符串被替换为目标字符串
	cout << str1 << endl;
}

字符串比较

• = return 0
• < return 1
• > return -1

void test01()
{
	string str1 = "hello";
	string str2 = "c++";
	cout << str1.compare(str2) << endl;//比较首字母大小，最大意义是比较两个字符串相等
}

字符存取

• []
• at

void test01()
{
	string str = "hello";
	for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++)
	{
		cout << str[i];
		cout << str.at(i);
	}
	cout << endl;

	str[2] = 'y';
	str.at(3) = ' ';
	str.pop_back();
	cout << str << endl;
}

插入和删除

void test01()
{
	string str = "hello";
	str.insert(5, " world");//第五个位置起， 插入" world"；

	str.erase(0, 6);//第0个位置起，删除6个字符
	cout << str << endl;
}

子串

void test01()
{
	string str = "hello@163.com";
	int pos = str.find("@");
	string subStr = str.substr(0, pos);

	cout << subStr << endl;
}