函数对象

概念

• 重载函数调用操作符的类，其对象称为函数对象
• 函数对象使用重载的()时，行为类似函数调用，也叫仿函数

特点

• 可以像函数一样调用
• 可以有自己的状态，成员属性
• 可以像参数一样传递

class MyAdd
{
public:
	int operator()(int v1, int v2)
	{
		return v1 + v2;
	}
};
class Myprint
{
public:
	Myprint()
	{
		this->count = 0;
	}
	int count;
	void operator()(string test)
	{
		cout << test << endl;
		this->count++;
	}
};

void doPrint(Myprint& mp, string test)
{
	mp(test);
}

void test01()
{
	MyAdd myadd;
	cout << myadd(1, 2) << endl;
	Myprint myprint;
	for( int i = 0; i < 10 ; i++)
	{
		myprint("hello world!");
	}
	cout << "the time of calling myprint is: " << myprint.count << endl;
	doPrint(myprint, "Hello, c++!");
}

谓词

一元谓词

• 返回bool类型的仿函数称为谓词
• 如果operator()接受一个参数，称为一元谓词；
• 如果operator()接受两个参数，称为二元谓词；

class GreaterFive
{
public:
	bool operator()(int val)
	{
		return val > 5;
	}
};

void test01()
{
	vector<int> v;
	for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}

	vector<int>::iterator it = find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), GreaterFive());
	if (it == v.end())
	{
		cout << "not found" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << " Find a number bigger than 5: " << *it << endl;
	}
}

二元谓词

class MyCompare
{
public:
	int count;
	class MyCompare()
	{
		this->count = 0;
	}
	bool operator()(int a, int b)
	{
		this->count++;
		return a > b;
	}
};

void test01()
{
	vector<int> v;
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(40);
	v.push_back(20);
	v.push_back(30);
	v.push_back(50);

	sort(v.begin(), v.end());
	printVec<int>(v);
	MyCompare mycompare;
	sort(v.begin(), v.end(), mycompare);
	printVec<int>(v);
}

内建算术仿函数

• 实现四则运算
• negate是一元运算，其余是二元运算

#include<functional>

void test01()
{
	negate<int> n;
	cout << n(50) << endl;
	plus<int>p;
	cout << p(2, 3) << endl;
	minus<int> m;
	cout << m(5, 2) << endl;
}

关系仿函数

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void test01()
{
	vector<int> v;
	v.push_back(1);
	v.push_back(3);
	v.push_back(4);
	v.push_back(3);
	v.push_back(5);
	printVec<int>(v);

	sort(v.begin(), v.end(), greater<int>());
	printVec<int>(v);
}

逻辑仿函数

void test01()
{
	vector<bool> v;
	v.push_back(1);
	v.push_back(0);
	v.push_back(1);
	v.push_back(1);
	v.push_back(0);

	printVec<bool>(v);

	vector<bool> v2;
	v2.resize(v.size());
	transform(v.begin(), v.end(), v2.begin(), logical_not<bool>());
	printVec<bool>(v2);
}