9.5 I/O复用的高级应用一:非阻塞connect
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <time.h>
#define BUFFRE_SIZE 1023
// 将文件描述符设置成非阻塞
int setnonblocking(int fd){
int old_option = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
int new_option = old_option | O_NONBLOCK;
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, new_option);
return old_option;
}
// 超时连接函数,参数分别是IP地址、端口号和超时时间。
// 成功时返回已经处于连接状态的socket,失败返回-1
int unblock_connect(const char* ip, int port, int time){
int ret = 0;
struct sockaddr_in address;
bzero(&address, sizeof(address));
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, ip, &address.sin_addr);
address.sin_port = htons(port);
int sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
int fdopt = setnonblocking(sockfd);
ret = connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&address, sizeof(address));
if(ret == 0){
// 如果连接成功,恢复sockfd的属性,并将其返回
printf("connect with server immediately\n");
fcntl(sockfd, F_SETFL, fdopt);
return sockfd;
}
else if(errno != EINPROGRESS){
// 如果连接没有立即建立,只有errno是EINPROGRESS时表示连接正在进行
printf("unblock connect note support\n");
return -1;
}
fd_set readfds;
fd_set writefds;
struct timeval timeout;
FD_ZERO(&readfds);
FD_SET(sockfd, &writefds);
timeout.tv_sec = time;
timeout.tv_usec = 0;
ret = select(sockfd+1, NULL, &writefds, NULL, &timeout);
if(ret <= 0){
// select超时或者出错
printf("connection time out\n");
close(sockfd);
return -1;
}
if(!FD_ISSET(sockfd, &writefds)){
printf("no event on sockfd found\n");
close(sockfd);
return -1;
}
int error = 0;
socklen_t length = sizeof(error);
// 调用getsockopt获取和清除sockfd上的错误
if(getsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &error, &length)<0){
printf("get socket option failed\n");
close(sockfd);
return -1;
}
// 错误号不为0表示连接出错
if(error!=0){
printf("connection failed after select with the error: %d \n", error);
close(sockfd);
return -1;
}
// 连接成功
printf("connection ready after select with the socket:%d \n", sockfd);
fcntl(sockfd ,F_SETFL, fdopt);
return sockfd;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
if(argc<=2){
printf("usage: %s ip_adress port_number\n", basename(argv[0]));
return 1;
}
const char* ip = argv[1];
int port = atoi(argv[2]);
int sockfd = unblock_connect(ip, port, 10);
if(sockfd<0){
return 1;
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
9.6 I/O复用的高级应用二:聊天室程序
客户端
// 使用poll同时监听用户输入和网络连接
// 利用splice函数将用户输入内容定向到网络连接上发送,实现零拷贝
#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <poll.h>
#define BUFFER_SIZE 64
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
if(argc<=2){
printf("usage: %s ip_adress port_number\n", basename(argv[0]));
return 1;
}
const char* ip = argv[1];
int port = atoi(argv[2]);
struct sockaddr_in server_address;
bzero(&server_address, sizeof(server_address));
server_address.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, ip, &server_address.sin_addr);
server_address.sin_port = htons(port);
int sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STERAM, 0);
assert(sockfd>0);
if(connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_address, sizeof(server_address))<0){
printf("connection failed\n");
close(sockfd);
return 1;
}
pollfd fds[2];
// 注册文件描述符0(标注输入)和文件描述符sockfd上的可读事件
fds[0].fd = 0;
fds[0].event = POLLIN;
fds[0].revents = 0;
fds[1].fd = sockfd;
fds[1].events = POLLIN | POLLRDHUP;
fds[1].revents = 0;
char read_buf[BUFFER_SIZE];
int pipefd[2];
int ret = pipe(pipefd);
assert(ret!=-1);
while(1){
ret = poll(fds, 2, -1);
if(ret<0){
printf("poll failure\n");
break;
}
if(fds[1].revents & POLLRDHUP){
printf("server close the connection\n");
break;
}
else if(fds[1].revents & POLLIN){
memset(read_buf, '\0', BUFFER_SIZE);
recv(fds[1].fd, read_buf, BUFFER_SIZE-1, 0);
printf("%s\n", read_buf);
}
if(fds[0].revents & POLLIN){
// 使用splice将用户输入的数据直接写到sockfd上
ret = splice(0, NULL, pipefd[1], NULL, 32768, SPLICE_F_MORE|SPLICE_F_MOVE);
ret = splice(pipefd[0], NULL, sockfd, NULL, 32768, SPLICE_F_MORE|SPLICE_F_MOVE);
}
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
服务器
#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <poll.h>
#define USER_LIMIT 5 // 最大用户数量
#define BUFFER_SIZE 64 // 读缓冲区大小
#define FD_LIMIT 65535 // 文件描述符数量限制
struct client_data{
sockaddr_in address;
char* write_buf;
char buf[BUFFER_SIZE];
};
// 将文件描述符设置成非阻塞
int setnonblocking(int fd){
int old_option = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
int new_option = old_option | O_NONBLOCK;
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, new_option);
return old_option;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
if(argc<=2){
printf("usage: %s ip_adress port_number\n", basename(argv[0]));
return 1;
}
const char* ip = argv[1];
int port = atoi(argv[2]);
int ret = 0;
struct sockaddr_in address;
bzero(&address, sizeof(address));
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, ip, &address.sin_addr);
address.sin_port = htons(port);
int listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STERAM, 0);
assert(listenfd>0);
int ret = bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&address, sizeof(address));
assert(ret!=-1);
ret = listen(listenfd, 5);
assert(ret!=-1);
// 创建users数组,分配FD_LIMIT个client_data对象
// 用每个socket的值索引socket对应的client_data对象
client_data* users = new client_data[FD_LIMIT];
// 为了保证poll性能,进行用户数量限制
pollfd fds[USER_LIMIT];
int user_counter = 0;
for(int i=1;i<=USER_LIMIT;i++){
fds[i].fd = -1;
fds[i].events = 0;
}
fsd[0].fd = listenfd;
fds[0].events = POLLIN | POLLERR;
fds[0].revents = 0;
while(1){
ret = poll(fds, user_counter+1, -1);
if(ret<0){
printf("poll failure\n");
break;
}
for(int i=0;i<user_counter+1;i++){
if((fds[i].fd==listenfd)&&(fds[i].revents&POLLIN)){
struct sockaddr_in client_address;
socklen_t client_addrlength = sizeof(client_address);
int connfd = accept(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&client_address, &client_addrlength);
if(connfd<0){
printf("errno is: %d\n", errno);
continue;
}
// 如果请求太多,则关闭新到的连接
if(user_counter>=USER_LIMIT){
const char* info = "too many users\n";
printf("%s", info);
send(connfd, info, strlen(info), 0);
close(connfd);
continue;
}
// 对于新的连接,同时修改fds和users数组
user_counter++;
users[connfd].address = client_address;
setnonblocking(connfd);
fds[user_counter].fd = connfd;
fds[user_counter].events = POLLIN|POLLRDHP|POLLERR;
fds[user_counter].revents = 0;
printf("comes a new user, now have %d users\n", user_counter);
}
else if(fds[i].revents & POLLERR){
printf("get an error from %d\n", fds[i].fd);
char errors[100];
memset(error,'\0',100);
socklen_t length = sizeof(errors);
if(getsockopt(fds[i].fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &errors, &length)<0){
printf("get socket option failed\n");
}
continue;
}
else if(fds[i].revents & POLLRDHUP){
// 如果客户端关闭连接,服务器也关闭连接,用户总数减一
users[fds[i].fd] = users[fds[user_counter].fd];
close(fds[i].fd);
fds[i] = fds[user_counter];
i--;
user_counter--;
printf("a client left\n");
}
else if(fds[i].revents & POLLIN){
int connfd = fds[i].fd;
memset(users[connfd].buf, '\0', BUFFER_SIZE);
ret = recv(connfd);
printf("get %d bytes of client data %s from %d \n",ret, users[connfd].buf, connfd);
if(ret<0){
// 如果读操作出错,则关闭连接
if(errno != EAGAIN){
close(connfd);
users[fds[i].fd] = users[fds[user_counter].fd];
fds[i] = fds[user_counter];
i--;
user_counter--;
}
}
else if(ret == 0){}
else{
// 如果接收到客户数据,则通知其他socket连接准备些数据
for(int j=1;j<=user_counter;j++){
if(fds[j].fd == connfd){
continue;
}
fds[j].events |= ~POLLIN;
fds[j].events |= POLLOUT;
users[fds[j].fd].wirte_buf = users[connfd].buf;
}
}
}
else if(fds[i].revents & POLLOUT){
int connfd = fds[i].fd;
if(!users[connfd].write_buf){
continue;
}
ret = send(connfd, users[connfd].write_buf, strlen(users[connfd].write_buf), 0);
users[connfd].write_buf = NULL;
// 写完数据后需要重新注册fds[i]上的可读事件
fds[i].events |= POLLOUT;
fds[i].events |= POLLIN;
}
}
}
delete [users];
close(listenfd);
return 0;
}
9.7 I/O复用的高级应用三:同时处理TCP和UDP服务
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet.h>
#include <arpa.inet.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define MAX_EVENT_NUMBER 1024
#define TCP_BUFFER_SIZE 512
#define UDP_BUFFER_SIZE 1024
// 将文件描述符设置成非阻塞
int setnonblocking(int fd){
int old_option = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
int new_option = old_option | O_NONBLOCK;
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, new_option);
return old_option;
}
// 将文件描述符fd上的EPOLLIN注册到epollfd指示的epoll内核事件表中,参数enable_et指定是否对fd启用ET模式
void addfd(int epollfd, int fd, bool enable_et){
epoll_event event;
event.data.fd = fd;
event.events = EPOLLIN;
if(enable_et){
event.events |= EPOLLET;
}
epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &event);
setnonblocking(fd);
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
if(argc<=2){
printf("usage: %s ip_address port_number \n", basename(argv[0]));
return 1;
}
const char* ip = argv[1];
int port = atoi(argv[2]);
int ret = 0;
struct sockaddr_in address;
bzero(&address, sizeof(address));
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, ip, &address.sin_addr);
address.sin_port = htons(port);
// 创建TCP socket,绑定在端口port上
int listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STERAM, 0);
assert(listenfd>0);
ret = bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&address, sizeof(address));
assert(ret!=-1);
ret = listen(listenfd, 5);
assert(ret!=-1);
// 创建UDP socket,绑定到端口port上
bzero(&address, sizeof(address));
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, ip, &address.sin_addr);
address.sin_port = htons(port);
int udpfd = socktf(PF_INET, SOCK_DGREAM, 0);
assert(udpfd>=0);
ret = bind(udpfd, (struct sockaddr*)&address, sizeof(address));
assert(ret != -1);
epoll_event events[MAX_EVENT_NUMBER];
int epollfd = epoll_create(5);
assert(epollfd!=-1);
// 注册TCP和UDP上的可读事件
addfd(epollfd, listenfd);
addf(eppolfd, udpfd);
while(1){
int number = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, MAX_EVENT_NUMBER,-1);
if(number<0){
printf("epoll failure\n");
break;
}
for(int i=0;i<number;i++){
int sockfd = events[i].data.fd;
if(sockfd == listenfd){
struct sockaddr_in client_address;
socklen_t client_addrlength = sizeof(client_address);
int connfd = accept(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&client_address, &client_addrlength);
addfd(epollfd, connfd, true); // 对connfd禁用ET模式
}
else if(sockfd == udpfd){
char buf[UDP_BUFFER_SIZE];
memset(buf, '\0', UDP_BUFFER_SIZE);
struct sockaddr_in client_address;
socklen_t client_addrlength = sizeof(client_address);
ret = recvfrom(udpfd,buf,UDP_BUFFER_SIZE-1,0,(struct sockaddr*)&client_address, &client_addrlength);
if(ret>0){
sendto(udpfd,buf,UDP_BUFFER_SIZE-1,0,(struct sockaddr*)&client_address, &client_addrlength);
}
}
else if(events[i].events & EPOLLIN){
char buf[TCP_BUFFER_SIZE];
while(1){
memset(buf, '\0', TCP_BUFFER_SIZE);
ret = recv(sockfd, buf, TCP_BUFFER_SIZE-1, 0);
if(ret < 0){
if((errno==EAGAIN)||(errno==EWOULDBLOCK)){
break;
}
close(sockfd);
break;
}
else if(ret == 0){
close(sockfd);
}
else{
send(sockfd, buf, ret, 0);
}
}
}
else{
printf("something else happened\n");
}
}
}
close(listenfd);
return 0;
}