MongoDB安装及基本操作

1、 使用yum在线安装MongoDB
（1） 配置yum源

root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb.repo
[mongodb]
name=mongodb
baseurl=https://repo.mongodb.com/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-enterprise/4.2/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-4.2.asc
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all

（2）安装

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y mongodb-enterprise

（3）启动

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mongod
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mongod

（4）检查

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -lnupt | grep 27017
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:27017         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1111/mongod

2、源码安装MongoDB并配置服务脚本
（1）上传软件包

[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.2.8.tgz

（2）解压

[root@localhost ~]# tar xf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.2.8.tgz -C /usr/local/

（3）创建数据目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/db
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mongod:mongod /usr/local/mongodb/*

（4）启动

#创建软链接
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.2.8/ mongodb
#添加环境变量
[root@localhost local]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mongodb/bin" > /etc/profile.d/mongo.sh
[root@localhost local]# source /etc/profile.d/mongo.sh
#命令行启动
[root@localhost ~]# mongod --dbpath /data/db/ &

（5）检查

[root@localhost local]# ps -ef | grep mongod
root       1340      1  1 10:34 ?        00:00:18 /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongo  -f /etc/mongod.conf
root       1429   1270  0 11:00 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mongod

（6）以系统服务方式启动

• 创建配置文件（将RPM安装的配置文件拷贝过来修改）

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mongod.conf

# mongod.conf

# for documentation of all options, see:
#   http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/configuration-options/

# where to write logging data.
systemLog:
  destination: file
  logAppend: true
  path: /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log

# Where and how to store data.
storage:
  dbPath: /data/db/
  journal:
    enabled: true
#  engine:
#  wiredTiger:

# how the process runs
processManagement:
  fork: true  # fork and run in background
  pidFilePath: /var/run/mongodb/mongod.pid  # location of pidfile
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

# network interfaces
net:
  port: 27017
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1  # Enter 0.0.0.0,:: to bind to all IPv4 and IPv6 addresses or, alternatively, use the net.bindIpAll setting.
  
#security:

#operationProfiling:

#replication:

#sharding:

## Enterprise-Only Options

#auditLog:

#snmp:

• 配置服务启动脚本（将RPM安装的配置文件拷贝过来修改）

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service

[Unit]
Description=MongoDB Database Server
Documentation=https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
After=network.target

[Service]
Environment="OPTIONS=-f /etc/mongod.conf"
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mongod
ExecStart=/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod $OPTIONS
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mkdir -p /var/run/mongodb
PermissionsStartOnly=true
PIDFile=/var/run/mongodb/mongod.pid
Type=forking
# file size
LimitFSIZE=infinity
# cpu time
LimitCPU=infinity
# virtual memory size
LimitAS=infinity
# open files
LimitNOFILE=64000
# processes/threads
LimitNPROC=64000
# locked memory
LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
# total threads (user+kernel)
TasksMax=infinity
TasksAccounting=false
# Recommended limits for for mongod as specified in
# http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/ulimit/#recommended-settings

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

• 创建mongod的组和用户（参照RPM安装的用户和组创建）

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd -g 995 -r mongod
[root@localhost ~]#  useradd -r -u 995 -g 995 -d /var/lib/mongo -c 'mongod' -s /bin/false mongod

• 按照配置文件及服务脚本创建目录并给予权限

#日志文件
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir  /var/log/mongodb -p
[root@localhost ~]# touch mongod.log
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mongod:mongod var/log/mongodb/
#数据文件
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mongod:mongod /data/db/
#pid文件
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mongod:mongod /var/run/mongodb/

• 测试服务脚本

[root@localhost ~]# kill `pidof mongod`
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mongodb
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mongodb
[root@localhost ~]# lsof -i tcp:27017
COMMAND  PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mongod  1565 root   11u  IPv4  22460      0t0  TCP localhost:27017 (LISTEN)

3、基本操作作业

1）创建一个数据库 名字grade
> use grade
switched to db grede

2）数据库中创建一个集合名字 class 
> db.createCollection("class")
{ "ok" : 1 }

3）集合中插入若干数据 文档格式如下 
｛name:'zhang',age；10,sex:'m',hobby:['a','b','c']｝ hobby: draw sing dance basketball football pingpong computer 
自行插入数据，后面查询使用 
> db.class.insertMany([
... {name:'小明',age:10,sex:'m',hobby:['draw','computer','football']},
... {name:'莉莉',age:6,sex:'f',hobby:['sing','pingpong']},
... {name:'李华',age:12,sex:'m',hobby:['dance','computer','basketball']},
... {name:'小龙',age:8,sex:'m',hobby:['pingpong','sing']},
... {name:'婷婷',age:11,sex:'f',hobby:['computer','basketball']},
... {name:'小红',age:7,sex:'f',hobby:['sing','football','computer']},
... {name:'小李',age:9,sex:'m',hobby:['sing','pingpong','draw']},
... {name:'小王',age:8,sex:'f',hobby:['dance','sing','basketball']},
... {name:'小红',age:12,sex:'m',hobby:['pingpong','sing']}
... ])
{
        "acknowledged" : true,
        "insertedIds" : [
                ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566126"),
                ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566127"),
                ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566128"),
                ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566129"),
                ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612a"),
                ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612b"),
                ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612c"),
                ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612d"),
                ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612e")
        ]
}

4）查询操作 

查看班级所有人信息 
> db.class.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566126"), "name" : "小明", "age" : 10, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "draw", "computer", "football" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566127"), "name" : "莉莉", "age" : 6, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "sing", "pingpong" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566128"), "name" : "李华", "age" : 12, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "dance", "computer", "basketball" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566129"), "name" : "小龙", "age" : 8, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "pingpong", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612a"), "name" : "婷婷", "age" : 11, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "computer", "basketball" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612b"), "name" : "小红", "age" : 7, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "sing", "football", "computer" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612c"), "name" : "小李", "age" : 9, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "sing", "pingpong", "draw" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612d"), "name" : "小王", "age" : 8, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "dance", "sing", "basketball" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612e"), "name" : "小红", "age" : 12, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "pingpong", "sing" ] }

查看班级中年龄为8岁的学生信息 
> db.class.find({age:8})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566129"), "name" : "小龙", "age" : 8, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "pingpong", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612d"), "name" : "小王", "age" : 8, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "dance", "sing", "basketball" ] }

查看年龄大于10岁的学生信息 
> db.class.find({age:{$gt:10}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566128"), "name" : "李华", "age" : 12, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "dance", "computer", "basketball" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612a"), "name" : "婷婷", "age" : 11, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "computer", "basketball" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612e"), "name" : "小红", "age" : 12, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "pingpong", "sing" ] }

查看年龄在 4~8岁之间的学生信息
 > db.class.find({age:{$gte:4,$lte:8}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566127"), "name" : "莉莉", "age" : 6, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "sing", "pingpong" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566129"), "name" : "小龙", "age" : 8, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "pingpong", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612b"), "name" : "小红", "age" : 7, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "sing", "football", "computer" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612d"), "name" : "小王", "age" : 8, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "dance", "sing", "basketball" ] }

找到年龄为6岁且为男生的学生 
> db.class.find({age:6,sex:'m'})
#无结果

找到年龄小于7岁或者大于10岁的学生 
> db.class.find({$or:[{age:{$lt:7}},{age:{$gt:10}}]})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566127"), "name" : "莉莉", "age" : 6, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "sing", "pingpong" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566128"), "name" : "李华", "age" : 12, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "dance", "computer", "basketball" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612a"), "name" : "婷婷", "age" : 11, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "computer", "basketball" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612e"), "name" : "小红", "age" : 12, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "pingpong", "sing" ] }

找到年龄是8岁或者11岁的学生
> db.class.find({age:{$in:[8,11]}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566129"), "name" : "小龙", "age" : 8, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "pingpong", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612a"), "name" : "婷婷", "age" : 11, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "computer", "basketball" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612d"), "name" : "小王", "age" : 8, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "dance", "sing", "basketball" ] }

找到兴趣爱好有两项的学生 
> db.class.find({hobby:{$size:2}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566127"), "name" : "莉莉", "age" : 6, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "sing", "pingpong" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566129"), "name" : "小龙", "age" : 8, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "pingpong", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612a"), "name" : "婷婷", "age" : 11, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "computer", "basketball" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612e"), "name" : "小红", "age" : 12, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "pingpong", "sing" ] }

找到兴趣爱好有draw的学生 
> db.class.find({hobby:'draw'})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566126"), "name" : "小明", "age" : 10, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "draw", "computer", "football" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612c"), "name" : "小李", "age" : 9, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "sing", "pingpong", "draw" ] }

找到既喜欢画画又喜欢跳舞的学生 
> db.class.find({hobby:{$all:['draw','dance']}})
#无结果
统计爱好有三项的学生人数 
> db.class.find({hobby:{$size:3}}).count()
5

找出本班年龄第二大的学生 
> db.class.find().sort({age:1}).skip(7).limit(1)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566128"), "name" : "李华", "age" : 12, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "dance", "computer", "basketball" ] }

查看学生的兴趣范围 
> db.class.distinct("hobby")
[
        "basketball",
        "computer",
        "dance",
        "draw",
        "football",
        "pingpong",
        "running",
        "sing",
        [
                "吹牛",
                "basketball"
        ]
]

将学生按年龄排序找到年龄最大的三个 
> db.class.find().sort({age:-1}).limit(3)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566128"), "name" : "李华", "age" : 12, "s      ex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "dance", "computer", "basketball" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612e"), "name" : "小红", "age" : 12, "s      ex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "pingpong", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612a"), "name" : "婷婷", "age" : 11, "s      ex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "computer", "basketball" ] }

删除所有年龄大于12或者小于4岁的学生
> db.class.remove({$or:[{age:{$gt:12}},{age:{$lt:4}}]})
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 0 })

5）增加、更新、删除、统计 

将小红的年龄变为8岁 兴趣爱好变为 跳舞 画画 
> db.class.find({name:'小红'})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612b"), "name" : "小红", "age" : 7, "seall", "computer" ] }
> db.class.update( {name:"小红"}, {$set:{age:8} })
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.class.update( {name:"小红"}, {$set:{hobby:['draw','dance']}} )
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.class.find({name:'小红'})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612b"), "name" : "小红", "age" : 8, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "draw", "dance" ] }

追加小明兴趣爱好：唱歌
> db.class.update({name:'小明'},{$push:{hobby:'sing'}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.class.find({name:'小明'})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566126"), "name" : "小明", "age" : 10, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "draw", "computer", "football", "sing" ] }

小王兴趣爱好增加吹牛，篮球 
> db.class.find({name:'小王'})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612d"), "name" : "小王", "age" : 8, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "dance", "sing", "basketball" ] }
> db.class.update({name:'小王'},{$push:{hobby:['吹牛','basketball']}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.class.find({name:'小王'})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612d"), "name" : "小王", "age" : 8, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "dance", "sing", "basketball", [ "吹牛", "basketball" ] ] }

小李增加爱好，跑步和唱歌，但是不要和以前的重复 
> db.class.find({name:'小李'})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612c"), "name" : "小李", "age" : 9, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "sing", "pingpong", "draw" ] }
> db.class.update({name:'小李'},{$addToSet:{hobby:{$each:['running','sing']}}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.class.find({name:'小李'})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612c"), "name" : "小李", "age" : 9, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "sing", "pingpong", "draw", "running" ] }

该班所有同学年龄加1
> db.class.find({name:'小李'})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612c"), "name" : "小李", "age" : 9, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "sing", "pingpong", "draw", "running" ] }
> db.class.update({},{$inc:{age:1}},false,true)
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 7, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 7 })
> db.class.find({name:'小李'})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612c"), "name" : "小李", "age" : 10, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "sing", "pingpong", "draw", "running" ] }

删除小明的sex属性 
> db.class.update({name:'小明'},{$unset:{sex:0}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.class.find({name:'小明'})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd33566126"), "name" : "小明", "age" : 11, "hobby" : [ "draw", "computer", "football", "sing", [ "吹牛", "basketball" ] ] }

删除小李兴趣中的第一项
> db.class.find({name:'小李'})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612c"), "name" : "小李", "age" : 10, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "sing", "pingpong", "draw", "running" ] }
> db.class.update({name:'小李'},{$pop:{hobby:-1}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.class.find({name:'小李'})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612c"), "name" : "小李", "age" : 10, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "pingpong", "draw", "running" ] }
 
将小红兴趣中的画画爱好删除 
> db.class.find({name:'小红'})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612b"), "name" : "小红", "age" : 9, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "draw", "dance" ] }
> db.class.update({name:'小红'},{$pull:{hobby:'draw'}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.class.find({name:'小红'})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f2501bf0befe8bd3356612b"), "name" : "小红", "age" : 9, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "dance" ] }