【数学建模】matlab正态拟合直方图 | 获取一组数据的统计特征（平均值，方差等）

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一、matlab涉及概率统计常用函数

1.1.获得数据统计特征（平均值等 ）

首先给出一组数据样例：

shuju=[459,362,624,542,509,584,433,748,815,505,612,452,434,982,640,742,...            
              565,706,593,680,926,653,164,487,734,608,428,1153,593,844,527,552,...
              513,781,474,388,824,538,862,659,775,859,755,649,697, 515,628,954,...           
              954,771,609,402,960,885,610,292,837,473,677,358,638,699,634,555,...     
              570,84,416,606,1062,484,120,447,654,564,339,280,246,687,539,790,...
              581,621,724,531,512,577,496,468,499,544,645,764,558,378,765,666,...
              763,217,715,310,851];

1.1.1 平均值（期望）

Mean=mean(shuju)

获得结果：

1.1.2 中值

zhongweishu=median(shuju)

1.1.3 方差和标准差

A.方差

fangcha=var(shuju)

B.标准差(一般也是正态分布里面的西格玛)

biaozhuncha=std(shuju)

1.1.4 排序

new=sort(shuju)

1.2.正态拟合直方图

依然用之前的数据画图

shuju=[459,362,624,542,509,584,433,748,815,505,612,452,434,982,640,742,...            
              565,706,593,680,926,653,164,487,734,608,428,1153,593,844,527,552,...
              513,781,474,388,824,538,862,659,775,859,755,649,697, 515,628,954,...           
              954,771,609,402,960,885,610,292,837,473,677,358,638,699,634,555,...     
              570,84,416,606,1062,484,120,447,654,564,339,280,246,687,539,790,...
              581,621,724,531,512,577,496,468,499,544,645,764,558,378,765,666,...
              763,217,715,310,851];
histfit(shuju)

从数据分布上来看大概就是个正态分布

二、判断数据是否符合正态分布

lillietest函数：用来判断一组数据是否服从正态分布。
常用调用形式为 [h,p]=lillietest(x)，其中h为假设，p为方差概率。
h假设完了之后，到底管不管用还得看p(p是老大)。h=0表示符合正态分布，h=1表示不符合正态分布；当p<0.05时拒绝这个假设；当p>0.05时同意这个假设（当然有时候显著性水平不一定取0.05）

检验示例：

shuju=[459,362,624,542,509,584,433,748,815,505,612,452,434,982,640,742,...            
       565,706,593,680,926,653,164,487,734,608,428,1153,593,844,527,552,...
       513,781,474,388,824,538,862,659,775,859,755,649,697, 515,628,954,...           
       954,771,609,402,960,885,610,292,837,473,677,358,638,699,634,555,...     
       570,84,416,606,1062,484,120,447,654,564,339,280,246,687,539,790,...
       581,621,724,531,512,577,496,468,499,544,645,764,558,378,765,666,...
       763,217,715,310,851];
[h,p]=lillietest(shuju) 

返回结果：

这里明显是，这组数据符合正态分布。