一、 文件格式
Tga常见的格式有非压缩RGB和压缩RGB两种格式,其他格式的我们在这里不做讲述。文件的第三个Byte位作为标记:2为非压缩RGB格式,10为压缩RGB格式。在此次实验中,分析未压缩的tga图片。
未压缩格式:
名称 | 偏移 | 长度 | 说明 |
---|---|---|---|
图像信息字段长度 | 0 | 1 | 本字段为1字节无符号整型,指出图像信息字段的长度,其取值范围为0~255,当它为0时,表示没有图像的信息字段 |
颜色表类型 | 1 | 1 | 0表示没有颜色表,1表示颜色表存在 |
图像类型码 | 2 | 1 | 该字段总为2,表示无压缩图像 |
颜色表首址 | 3 | 2 | 颜色表首的入口索引,整型(低位-高位) |
颜色表的长度 | 5 | 2 | 颜色表的表项总数,整型(低位-高位) |
颜色表项位数 | 7 | 1 | 位数(bit),16代表16位TGA,24位代表24位TGA,32代表32位TGA |
图像X坐标起始位置 | 8 | 2 | 图像左下角X坐标的整型值 |
图像Y坐标其实位置 | 10 | 2 | 图像左下角Y坐标的整型值 |
图像宽度 | 12 | 2 | 以像素为单位,图像宽度的整型 |
图像高度 | 14 | 2 | 以像素为单位,图像高度的整型 |
图像每像素存储占用位数 | 16 | 2 | 它的值为16,24或32等等,决定了该图像时TGA16,TGA24,TGA32等等 |
图像描述字节 | 17 | 1 | bits 3-0 - 每像素对应的属性位的位数;对于TGA 16,该值为 0 或 1,对于 TGA24,该值为 0,对于 TGA 32,该值为 8。 bit 4 - 保留,必须为 0。bit 5 - 屏幕起始位置标志,0 = 原点在左下角,1 = 原点在左上角对于 truevision 图像必须为 0。bits 7-6 - 交叉数据存储标志:00 = 无交叉;01 = 两路奇/偶交叉;10 = 四路交叉;11 = 保留 |
图像信息字段 | 18 | 可变 | 包含一个自由格式的,长度是图像由“图像信息字段”指定。它常常被忽略(即偏移 0 处值为 0 ),注意其最大可以含有 255 个字符。如果需要存储更多信息,可以放在图像数据之后 |
颜色表数据 | 可变 | 可变 | 如果颜色类型为0,则该域不存在,否则越过该域直接读取图像颜色表规格中描述了每项的字节数,为2,3,4之一 |
图像数据 | 可变 | 可变 | RGB颜色数据,存放顺序为BGR,数据从图像左下角开始存储 |
参考:文件格式分析
二:代码部分
rgb2yuv.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <malloc.h>
#include"TgaHeader.h"
int rgb2yuv(void* rgb_s, void* y_s, void* u_s, void* v_s, int W, int H)
{
unsigned char *r = NULL, *g = NULL, *b = NULL, *rgb = NULL;
unsigned char *y, *u, *v, *U, *V;
rgb = (unsigned char *)rgb_s;
y = (unsigned char *)y_s;
u = (unsigned char *)u_s;
v = (unsigned char *)v_s;
r = (unsigned char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*(W*H));
g = (unsigned char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*(W*H));
b = (unsigned char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*(W*H));
U = (unsigned char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*(W*H));
V = (unsigned char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*(W*H));
int j=0;
for (int i = 0; i < W*H; i++)
{
b[i] = rgb[j];
g[i] = rgb[j+1];
r[i] = rgb[j+2];
j += 3;
}
for (int i = 0; i < H*W; i++)
{
y[i] = r[i]*0.2990 + g[i]*0.5870 + b[i]*0.1140;
U[i] = r[i]*(-0.1684) - g[i]*0.3316 + b[i]*0.5 + 128;
V[i] = r[i]*0.5 - g[i]*0.4187 - b[i]*0.0813 + 128;
}
int k = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < H; i = i + 2)
{
for (j = 0; j < W; j = j + 2)
{
u[k] = (U[W*i + j] + U[W*i + j + 1] + U[(i + 1)*W + j] + U[(i + 1)*W + j + 1]) / 4;
v[k] = (V[W*i + j] + V[W*i + j + 1] + V[(i + 1)*W + j] + V[(i + 1)*W + j + 1]) / 4;
k++;
}
}
return 0;
}
main.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <malloc.h>
#include"TgaHeader.h"
using namespace std;
struct TGA_HEADER
{
unsigned short IDLength;
unsigned short ImageType;
unsigned short ColorMapLen;
unsigned char ColorMapBits;
unsigned int Width;
unsigned int Height;
unsigned char bitsPerPixel;
}TGAHEADER;
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
FILE *TgaFile = NULL;
FILE *YuvFile = NULL;
char *TgaFileName = NULL;
char *YuvFileName = NULL;
TgaFileName = argv[1];
YuvFileName = argv[2];
int Height, Width;
int offset = 0;
if (fopen_s(&TgaFile, TgaFileName, "rb") == 0)
printf("The tgafile was opened: %s \n", TgaFileName);
else printf("The tgafile cannot open: %s \n", TgaFileName);
fopen_s(&YuvFile, YuvFileName, "wb");
unsigned char typeHeader[18] = { 0 };
fread(typeHeader, 1, 18, TgaFile);
TGAHEADER.IDLength = typeHeader[0];
TGAHEADER.ImageType = typeHeader[2];
TGAHEADER.ColorMapLen = (typeHeader[6] << 8) + typeHeader[5];
TGAHEADER.ColorMapBits = typeHeader[7];
TGAHEADER.Width = (typeHeader[13] << 8) + typeHeader[12];
TGAHEADER.Height = (typeHeader[15] << 8) + typeHeader[14];
TGAHEADER.bitsPerPixel = (typeHeader[17] << 8) + typeHeader[16];
unsigned short pixel = TGAHEADER.bitsPerPixel / 8;
unsigned short ColorPixel = TGAHEADER.ColorMapBits / 8;
Width = TGAHEADER.Width;
Height = TGAHEADER.Height;
printf("该tga图片的大小为: %d * %d \n", TGAHEADER.Width, TGAHEADER.Height);
int i, j;
unsigned char *tgaBuffer = NULL;
unsigned char *rgbBuffer = NULL;
unsigned char *yBuffer = NULL;
unsigned char *uBuffer = NULL;
unsigned char *vBuffer = NULL;
unsigned char *colorBuffer = NULL;
unsigned char *colormapBuffer = NULL;
yBuffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(Width*Height);
uBuffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(Width*Height / 4);
vBuffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(Width*Height / 4);
tgaBuffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(Width*Height * 3);
rgbBuffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(Width*Height * 3);
offset = TGAHEADER.IDLength + 18;
fseek(TgaFile, offset, SEEK_SET);
switch (pixel)
{
case 3:
fread(tgaBuffer, 1, Width*Height*pixel, TgaFile);
break;
case 4:
unsigned char *tgaB = NULL;
fread(tgaB, 1, Width*Height*pixel, TgaFile);
int a = 0, b = 0;
for (i = 0; i < Height; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < Width; j++)
{
tgaBuffer[a] = tgaB[b];
tgaBuffer[a + 1] = tgaB[b + 1];
tgaBuffer[a + 2] = tgaB[b + 2];
a += 3;
b += 4;
}
}
free(tgaB);
}
for(i=0;i<Height;i++)
for (j = 0; j < Width * 3; j++)
{
rgbBuffer[Width * 3 * i + j] = tgaBuffer[Width * 3 * (Height - i - 1) + j];
}
if((rgb2yuv(rgbBuffer,yBuffer,uBuffer,vBuffer,Width,Height)==0))
printf("yuvFile has finished\n");
else
{
printf("error\n");
exit(1);
}
fwrite(yBuffer, 1, Width*Height, YuvFile);
fwrite(uBuffer, 1, Width*Height/4, YuvFile);
fwrite(vBuffer, 1, Width*Height/4, YuvFile);
free(yBuffer);
free(uBuffer);
free(vBuffer);
free(tgaBuffer);
free(rgbBuffer);
fclose(TgaFile);
fclose(YuvFile);
return 0;
}
TgaHeader.h
#pragma once
int rgb2yuv(void* rgb_s, void* y_s, void* u_s, void* v_s, int W, int H);
三:实验结果
原图tga:
转换结果yuv: