dynamic_cast使用

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

class Hero
{
public:
    int damage;
    string name;
    Hero(int _damge, string _name): damage(_damge), name(_name) {}
    virtual void skill1() = 0;
    virtual void skill2() = 0;
    virtual ~Hero() { cout << "调用了基类的析构函数" << endl;; }
};

class DC: public Hero
{
public:
    DC(int _damage, string _name): Hero(_damage, _name) {}
    void skill1()
    {
        cout << name << "释放了一技能" << endl;
    }
    void skill2()
    {
        cout << name << "释放了二技能" << endl;
    }
    void show()
    {
        cout << "我是貂蝉！！！！！" << endl;
    }
    virtual ~DC() { cout << "调用了派生类的析构函数" << endl;; }
};

class LB: public Hero
{
public:
    LB(int _damage, string _name): Hero(_damage, _name) {}
    void skill1()
    {
        cout << name << "释放了一技能" << endl;
    }
    void skill2()
    {
        cout << name << "释放了二技能" << endl;
    }
    virtual ~LB() { cout << "调用了派生类的析构函数" << endl;; }
};

class SWK: public Hero
{
public:
    SWK(int _damage, string _name): Hero(_damage, _name) {}
    void skill1()
    {
        cout << name << "释放了一技能" << endl;
    }
    void skill2()
    {
        cout << name << "释放了二技能" << endl;
    }
    virtual ~SWK() { cout << "调用了派生类的析构函数" << endl;; }
};



int main()
{
    int id = 1;
    Hero* ptr = nullptr;
    if (id == 1) ptr = new DC(6, "貂蝉");
    else if (id == 2) ptr = new LB(8, "李白");
    else if (id == 3) ptr = new SWK(9, "孙悟空");
    
    ptr->skill1();
    ptr->skill2();
    // ptr虽然指向了派生类的地址，但是归根结底还是一个基类的指针
    // 所以没有办法调用非虚函数show()
    // ptr->show();
    
    // 将基类指针转换为派生类指针
    DC* dptr = dynamic_cast<DC*>(ptr);
    if (dptr != nullptr) dptr->show();
    
    // 不能既删除ptr，也删除dptr
    // 因为两个指针指向的是一块内存，只是类型由基类指针转换为派生类指针
    // 不能连续释放两次，只能任选其一书写
    // delete dptr;
    delete ptr;
    
    return 0;
}