在英语中,“to”后面接动词原形(do)还是动名词(doing),取决于“to”在句子中的功能。以下是具体规则和例子:
1. 当 “to” 是不定式符号时 → 接动词原形(do)
- “to” 作为不定式符号时,表示动作的目的或意图,后接动词原形。
- 常见结构:动词 + to do
- I want to eat pizza.
- She needs to study harder.
- They decided to leave early.
注意:以下动词常接不定式(to do):
want, hope, plan, decide, agree, refuse, promise, manage, fail
等。
2. 当 “to” 是介词时 → 接动名词(doing)
- 如果 “to” 是介词(表示方向、对象或关联),则后接名词或动名词(doing)。
- 常见结构:动词/形容词 + 介词to + doing
- I look forward to meeting you.
- He is used to working late.
- She admitted to stealing the money.
高频介词短语(后接 doing):
be used to(习惯于), object to(反对), look forward to(期待), devote to(致力于), admit to(承认), prefer...to...(比起...更喜欢...)
等。
3. 易混淆对比
- to 是不定式符号:
She wants to travel the world. (她想环球旅行。) - to 是介词:
She is committed to traveling the world. (她致力于环球旅行。)
4. 记忆技巧
- 如果 “to” 后能替换为名词(如“it”或“something”),则它是介词,需接 doing:
I look forward to it → I look forward to meeting you. - 如果 “to” 后只能接动作,则是不定式符号:
I need to do this.(无法替换为名词)
5. 常见错误
- ❌ I’m looking forward to see you.
- ✅ I’m looking forward to seeing you.(因为 “to” 是介词)
- ❌ He admitted to steal the car.
- ✅ He admitted to stealing the car.
通过判断 “to” 是介词还是不定式符号,就能准确选择用 do 还是 doing。记住高频介词短语是关键!