STM32时钟源介绍
STM32有5个时钟源:HSE,HSI,PLL,LSI,LSE。
HSE:是高速外部时钟,可接石英/陶瓷谐振器,或者接外部时钟源,频率范围为4MHZ~16MHZ。
HSI:是高速外部内部时钟,RC振荡器,频率为8MHZ,精度不高,
PLL:为锁相环倍频输出,其时钟输入源可选择为HSI/2,HSE或者HSE/2.倍率可以选择2-16倍,但是其输出最大频率不得超过72MHZ。
LSI:是低速内部时钟,RC振荡器,频率为40KHZ,提供低功耗时钟。
LSE:是低速外部时钟,按频率为32.768kHZ的石英晶体。
系统时钟SYSCLK可来源三个时钟
1.HSI振荡器时钟
2.HSE振荡器时钟
3.PLL时钟
STM32可以选择一个时钟信号输出到MCO脚(PA8)上,可以选择PLL输出的2分频,HSI,HSE,或者系统时钟
任何一个外设在使用之前,必须首先使能其相应的时钟
STM32时钟树
几个重要的时钟
SYSCLK(系统时钟)
AHB总线时钟
APB1总线时钟(低速):速度最高36MHZ;
APB2总线时钟(高速):速度最高72MHZ;
PLL时钟
时钟操作HAL库函数分布文件
头文件:stm32f1xx_hal_rcc.h
源文件:stm32f1xx_hal_rcc.c
系统时钟配置函数(暂未懂)
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_RCC_OscConfig(RCC_OscInitTypeDef *RCC_OscInitStruct)
{
uint32_t tickstart = 0;
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(RCC_OscInitStruct != NULL);
assert_param(IS_RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE(RCC_OscInitStruct->OscillatorType));
/*------------------------------- HSE Configuration ------------------------*/
if(((RCC_OscInitStruct->OscillatorType) & RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE) == RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE)
{
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_RCC_HSE(RCC_OscInitStruct->HSEState));
/* When the HSE is used as system clock or clock source for PLL in these cases it is not allowed to be disabled */
if((__HAL_RCC_GET_SYSCLK_SOURCE() == RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_STATUS_HSE)
|| ((__HAL_RCC_GET_SYSCLK_SOURCE() == RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_STATUS_PLLCLK) && (__HAL_RCC_GET_PLL_OSCSOURCE() == RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE)))
{
if((__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_HSERDY) != RESET) && (RCC_OscInitStruct->HSEState == RCC_HSE_OFF))
{
return HAL_ERROR;
}
}
else
{
/* Set the new HSE configuration ---------------------------------------*/
__HAL_RCC_HSE_CONFIG(RCC_OscInitStruct->HSEState);
/* Check the HSE State */
if(RCC_OscInitStruct->HSEState != RCC_HSE_OFF)
{
/* Get Start Tick */
tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
/* Wait till HSE is ready */
while(__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_HSERDY) == RESET)
{
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > HSE_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
}
}
else
{
/* Get Start Tick */
tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
/* Wait till HSE is disabled */
while(__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_HSERDY) != RESET)
{
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > HSE_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
}
}
}
}
/*----------------------------- HSI Configuration --------------------------*/
if(((RCC_OscInitStruct->OscillatorType) & RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI) == RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI)
{
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_RCC_HSI(RCC_OscInitStruct->HSIState));
assert_param(IS_RCC_CALIBRATION_VALUE(RCC_OscInitStruct->HSICalibrationValue));
/* Check if HSI is used as system clock or as PLL source when PLL is selected as system clock */
if((__HAL_RCC_GET_SYSCLK_SOURCE() == RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_STATUS_HSI)
|| ((__HAL_RCC_GET_SYSCLK_SOURCE() == RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_STATUS_PLLCLK) && (__HAL_RCC_GET_PLL_OSCSOURCE() == RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI_DIV2)))
{
/* When HSI is used as system clock it will not disabled */
if((__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_HSIRDY) != RESET) && (RCC_OscInitStruct->HSIState != RCC_HSI_ON))
{
return HAL_ERROR;
}
/* Otherwise, just the calibration is allowed */
else
{
/* Adjusts the Internal High Speed oscillator (HSI) calibration value.*/
__HAL_RCC_HSI_CALIBRATIONVALUE_ADJUST(RCC_OscInitStruct->HSICalibrationValue);
}
}
else
{
/* Check the HSI State */
if(RCC_OscInitStruct->HSIState != RCC_HSI_OFF)
{
/* Enable the Internal High Speed oscillator (HSI). */
__HAL_RCC_HSI_ENABLE();
/* Get Start Tick */
tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
/* Wait till HSI is ready */
while(__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_HSIRDY) == RESET)
{
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > HSI_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
}
/* Adjusts the Internal High Speed oscillator (HSI) calibration value.*/
__HAL_RCC_HSI_CALIBRATIONVALUE_ADJUST(RCC_OscInitStruct->HSICalibrationValue);
}
else
{
/* Disable the Internal High Speed oscillator (HSI). */
__HAL_RCC_HSI_DISABLE();
/* Get Start Tick */
tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
/* Wait till HSI is disabled */
while(__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_HSIRDY) != RESET)
{
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > HSI_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
}
}
}
}
/*------------------------------ LSI Configuration -------------------------*/
if(((RCC_OscInitStruct->OscillatorType) & RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_LSI) == RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_LSI)
{
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_RCC_LSI(RCC_OscInitStruct->LSIState));
/* Check the LSI State */
if(RCC_OscInitStruct->LSIState != RCC_LSI_OFF)
{
/* Enable the Internal Low Speed oscillator (LSI). */
__HAL_RCC_LSI_ENABLE();
/* Get Start Tick */
tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
/* Wait till LSI is ready */
while(__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_LSIRDY) == RESET)
{
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > LSI_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
}
/* To have a fully stabilized clock in the specified range, a software delay of 1ms
should be added.*/
HAL_Delay(1);
}
else
{
/* Disable the Internal Low Speed oscillator (LSI). */
__HAL_RCC_LSI_DISABLE();
/* Get Start Tick */
tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
/* Wait till LSI is disabled */
while(__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_LSIRDY) != RESET)
{
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > LSI_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
}
}
}
/*------------------------------ LSE Configuration -------------------------*/
if(((RCC_OscInitStruct->OscillatorType) & RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_LSE) == RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_LSE)
{
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_RCC_LSE(RCC_OscInitStruct->LSEState));
/* Enable Power Clock*/
__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
/* Enable write access to Backup domain */
SET_BIT(PWR->CR, PWR_CR_DBP);
/* Wait for Backup domain Write protection disable */
tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
while((PWR->CR & PWR_CR_DBP) == RESET)
{
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart) > RCC_DBP_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
}
/* Set the new LSE configuration -----------------------------------------*/
__HAL_RCC_LSE_CONFIG(RCC_OscInitStruct->LSEState);
/* Check the LSE State */
if(RCC_OscInitStruct->LSEState != RCC_LSE_OFF)
{
/* Get Start Tick */
tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
/* Wait till LSE is ready */
while(__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_LSERDY) == RESET)
{
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > RCC_LSE_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
}
}
else
{
/* Get Start Tick */
tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
/* Wait till LSE is disabled */
while(__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_LSERDY) != RESET)
{
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > RCC_LSE_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
}
}
}
#if defined(RCC_CR_PLL2ON)
/*-------------------------------- PLL2 Configuration -----------------------*/
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_RCC_PLL2(RCC_OscInitStruct->PLL2.PLL2State));
if ((RCC_OscInitStruct->PLL2.PLL2State) != RCC_PLL2_NONE)
{
/* This bit can not be cleared if the PLL2 clock is used indirectly as system
clock (i.e. it is used as PLL clock entry that is used as system clock). */
if((__HAL_RCC_GET_PLL_OSCSOURCE() == RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE) && \
(__HAL_RCC_GET_SYSCLK_SOURCE() == RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_STATUS_PLLCLK) && \
((READ_BIT(RCC->CFGR2,RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1SRC)) == RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1SRC_PLL2))
{
return HAL_ERROR;
}
else
{
if((RCC_OscInitStruct->PLL2.PLL2State) == RCC_PLL2_ON)
{
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_RCC_PLL2_MUL(RCC_OscInitStruct->PLL2.PLL2MUL));
assert_param(IS_RCC_HSE_PREDIV2(RCC_OscInitStruct->PLL2.HSEPrediv2Value));
/* Prediv2 can be written only when the PLLI2S is disabled. */
/* Return an error only if new value is different from the programmed value */
if (HAL_IS_BIT_SET(RCC->CR,RCC_CR_PLL3ON) && \
(__HAL_RCC_HSE_GET_PREDIV2() != RCC_OscInitStruct->PLL2.HSEPrediv2Value))
{
return HAL_ERROR;
}
/* Disable the main PLL2. */
__HAL_RCC_PLL2_DISABLE();
/* Get Start Tick */
tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
/* Wait till PLL2 is disabled */
while(__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_PLL2RDY) != RESET)
{
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > PLL2_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
}
/* Configure the HSE prediv2 factor --------------------------------*/
__HAL_RCC_HSE_PREDIV2_CONFIG(RCC_OscInitStruct->PLL2.HSEPrediv2Value);
/* Configure the main PLL2 multiplication factors. */
__HAL_RCC_PLL2_CONFIG(RCC_OscInitStruct->PLL2.PLL2MUL);
/* Enable the main PLL2. */
__HAL_RCC_PLL2_ENABLE();
/* Get Start Tick */
tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
/* Wait till PLL2 is ready */
while(__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_PLL2RDY) == RESET)
{
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > PLL2_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
}
}
else
{
/* Set PREDIV1 source to HSE */
CLEAR_BIT(RCC->CFGR2, RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1SRC);
/* Disable the main PLL2. */
__HAL_RCC_PLL2_DISABLE();
/* Get Start Tick */
tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
/* Wait till PLL2 is disabled */
while(__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_PLL2RDY) != RESET)
{
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > PLL2_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
}
}
}
}
#endif /* RCC_CR_PLL2ON */
/*-------------------------------- PLL Configuration -----------------------*/
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_RCC_PLL(RCC_OscInitStruct->PLL.PLLState));
if ((RCC_OscInitStruct->PLL.PLLState) != RCC_PLL_NONE)
{
/* Check if the PLL is used as system clock or not */
if(__HAL_RCC_GET_SYSCLK_SOURCE() != RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_STATUS_PLLCLK)
{
if((RCC_OscInitStruct->PLL.PLLState) == RCC_PLL_ON)
{
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_RCC_PLLSOURCE(RCC_OscInitStruct->PLL.PLLSource));
assert_param(IS_RCC_PLL_MUL(RCC_OscInitStruct->PLL.PLLMUL));
/* Disable the main PLL. */
__HAL_RCC_PLL_DISABLE();
/* Get Start Tick */
tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
/* Wait till PLL is disabled */
while(__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_PLLRDY) != RESET)
{
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > PLL_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
}
/* Configure the HSE prediv factor --------------------------------*/
/* It can be written only when the PLL is disabled. Not used in PLL source is different than HSE */
if(RCC_OscInitStruct->PLL.PLLSource == RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE)
{
/* Check the parameter */
assert_param(IS_RCC_HSE_PREDIV(RCC_OscInitStruct->HSEPredivValue));
#if defined(RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1SRC)
assert_param(IS_RCC_PREDIV1_SOURCE(RCC_OscInitStruct->Prediv1Source));
/* Set PREDIV1 source */
SET_BIT(RCC->CFGR2, RCC_OscInitStruct->Prediv1Source);
#endif /* RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1SRC */
/* Set PREDIV1 Value */
__HAL_RCC_HSE_PREDIV_CONFIG(RCC_OscInitStruct->HSEPredivValue);
}
/* Configure the main PLL clock source and multiplication factors. */
__HAL_RCC_PLL_CONFIG(RCC_OscInitStruct->PLL.PLLSource,
RCC_OscInitStruct->PLL.PLLMUL);
/* Enable the main PLL. */
__HAL_RCC_PLL_ENABLE();
/* Get Start Tick */
tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
/* Wait till PLL is ready */
while(__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_PLLRDY) == RESET)
{
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > PLL_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
}
}
else
{
/* Disable the main PLL. */
__HAL_RCC_PLL_DISABLE();
/* Get Start Tick */
tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
/* Wait till PLL is disabled */
while(__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_PLLRDY) != RESET)
{
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > PLL_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
}
}
}
else
{
return HAL_ERROR;
}
}
return HAL_OK;
}
总线时钟配置函数(暂未懂)
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(RCC_ClkInitTypeDef *RCC_ClkInitStruct, uint32_t FLatency)
{
uint32_t tickstart = 0;
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(RCC_ClkInitStruct != NULL);
assert_param(IS_RCC_CLOCKTYPE(RCC_ClkInitStruct->ClockType));
assert_param(IS_FLASH_LATENCY(FLatency));
/* To correctly read data from FLASH memory, the number of wait states (LATENCY)
must be correctly programmed according to the frequency of the CPU clock
(HCLK) of the device. */
#if defined(FLASH_ACR_LATENCY)
/* Increasing the number of wait states because of higher CPU frequency */
if(FLatency > (FLASH->ACR & FLASH_ACR_LATENCY))
{
/* Program the new number of wait states to the LATENCY bits in the FLASH_ACR register */
__HAL_FLASH_SET_LATENCY(FLatency);
/* Check that the new number of wait states is taken into account to access the Flash
memory by reading the FLASH_ACR register */
if((FLASH->ACR & FLASH_ACR_LATENCY) != FLatency)
{
return HAL_ERROR;
}
}
#endif /* FLASH_ACR_LATENCY */
/*-------------------------- HCLK Configuration --------------------------*/
if(((RCC_ClkInitStruct->ClockType) & RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK) == RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK)
{
assert_param(IS_RCC_HCLK(RCC_ClkInitStruct->AHBCLKDivider));
MODIFY_REG(RCC->CFGR, RCC_CFGR_HPRE, RCC_ClkInitStruct->AHBCLKDivider);
}
/*------------------------- SYSCLK Configuration ---------------------------*/
if(((RCC_ClkInitStruct->ClockType) & RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK) == RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK)
{
assert_param(IS_RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE(RCC_ClkInitStruct->SYSCLKSource));
/* HSE is selected as System Clock Source */
if(RCC_ClkInitStruct->SYSCLKSource == RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSE)
{
/* Check the HSE ready flag */
if(__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_HSERDY) == RESET)
{
return HAL_ERROR;
}
}
/* PLL is selected as System Clock Source */
else if(RCC_ClkInitStruct->SYSCLKSource == RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK)
{
/* Check the PLL ready flag */
if(__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_PLLRDY) == RESET)
{
return HAL_ERROR;
}
}
/* HSI is selected as System Clock Source */
else
{
/* Check the HSI ready flag */
if(__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_HSIRDY) == RESET)
{
return HAL_ERROR;
}
}
__HAL_RCC_SYSCLK_CONFIG(RCC_ClkInitStruct->SYSCLKSource);
/* Get Start Tick */
tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
if(RCC_ClkInitStruct->SYSCLKSource == RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSE)
{
while (__HAL_RCC_GET_SYSCLK_SOURCE() != RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_STATUS_HSE)
{
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > CLOCKSWITCH_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
}
}
else if(RCC_ClkInitStruct->SYSCLKSource == RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK)
{
while (__HAL_RCC_GET_SYSCLK_SOURCE() != RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_STATUS_PLLCLK)
{
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > CLOCKSWITCH_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
}
}
else
{
while (__HAL_RCC_GET_SYSCLK_SOURCE() != RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_STATUS_HSI)
{
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > CLOCKSWITCH_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
}
}
}
#if defined(FLASH_ACR_LATENCY)
/* Decreasing the number of wait states because of lower CPU frequency */
if(FLatency < (FLASH->ACR & FLASH_ACR_LATENCY))
{
/* Program the new number of wait states to the LATENCY bits in the FLASH_ACR register */
__HAL_FLASH_SET_LATENCY(FLatency);
/* Check that the new number of wait states is taken into account to access the Flash
memory by reading the FLASH_ACR register */
if((FLASH->ACR & FLASH_ACR_LATENCY) != FLatency)
{
return HAL_ERROR;
}
}
#endif /* FLASH_ACR_LATENCY */
/*-------------------------- PCLK1 Configuration ---------------------------*/
if(((RCC_ClkInitStruct->ClockType) & RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1) == RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1)
{
assert_param(IS_RCC_PCLK(RCC_ClkInitStruct->APB1CLKDivider));
MODIFY_REG(RCC->CFGR, RCC_CFGR_PPRE1, RCC_ClkInitStruct->APB1CLKDivider);
}
/*-------------------------- PCLK2 Configuration ---------------------------*/
if(((RCC_ClkInitStruct->ClockType) & RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2) == RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2)
{
assert_param(IS_RCC_PCLK(RCC_ClkInitStruct->APB2CLKDivider));
MODIFY_REG(RCC->CFGR, RCC_CFGR_PPRE2, ((RCC_ClkInitStruct->APB2CLKDivider) << 3));
}
/* Update the SystemCoreClock global variable */
SystemCoreClock = HAL_RCC_GetSysClockFreq() >> AHBPrescTable[(RCC->CFGR & RCC_CFGR_HPRE)>> RCC_CFGR_HPRE_BITNUMBER];
/* Configure the source of time base considering new system clocks settings*/
HAL_InitTick (TICK_INT_PRIORITY);
return HAL_OK;
}
MCO时钟输出函数(暂未懂)
void HAL_RCC_MCOConfig(uint32_t RCC_MCOx, uint32_t RCC_MCOSource, uint32_t RCC_MCODiv)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef gpio = {0};
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_RCC_MCO(RCC_MCOx));
assert_param(IS_RCC_MCODIV(RCC_MCODiv));
assert_param(IS_RCC_MCO1SOURCE(RCC_MCOSource));
/* Configure the MCO1 pin in alternate function mode */
gpio.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
gpio.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
gpio.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
gpio.Pin = MCO1_PIN;
/* MCO1 Clock Enable */
MCO1_CLK_ENABLE();
HAL_GPIO_Init(MCO1_GPIO_PORT, &gpio);
/* Configure the MCO clock source */
__HAL_RCC_MCO1_CONFIG(RCC_MCOSource, RCC_MCODiv);
}