iOS 测试 | iOS 自动化性能采集

​今天小编跟大家分享一篇来自学院内部学员的技术分享，本文主要介绍了作者在进行 iOS 自动化性能采集的一些经验，希望对大家在进行 iOS 自动化测试时有一些启发。

不要为小事遮住视线，我们还有更大的世界
前言
对于iOS总体生态是比较封闭的,相比Android没有像adb这种可以查看内存、cpu的命令.在日常做性能测试,需要借助xcode中instruments查看内存、cpu等数据.

但是借助instruments比较麻烦、又不能提供命令行.在持续集成中,很难时时的监控app的性能指标.并且现在app发版一般是2周左右,留给做专项测试的时间更少了,那么做核心场景性能测试,肯定是来不及的.

所以需要借助一些自动化工具来减轻手工采集性能指标的工作量.

性能采集项
app中基本性能采集项,内存、cpu、fps、电量等,因为自动化采集中手机设备是插着电脑充电的,所以不能采集电量数据.

已有工具
instruments是官方提供的,不能做到自动化采集

腾讯gt,需要在app中集成sdk,有一定的接入成本

第三sdk,类似腾讯gt需要在app集成,可能会有数据泄漏风险

脚本开发
上述的已有工具都不满足,在持续集成中做到自动化采集性能数据,期望的性能测试工具有一下几点:

方便接入

可生成性能报告

可持续化

数据收集精准

所以基于这几点,需要自己开发一套性能采集脚本.

使用官方提供的api做性能采集
获取内存、cpu等
#import <mach/mach.h>

/**

• 获取内存
  */

• (NSString *)get_memory {
  int64_t memoryUsageInByte = 0;
  task_vm_info_data_t vmInfo;
  mach_msg_type_number_t count = TASK_VM_INFO_COUNT;
  kern_return_t kernelReturn = task_info(mach_task_self(), TASK_VM_INFO, (task_info_t) &vmInfo, &count);
  if(kernelReturn == KERN_SUCCESS) {
  memoryUsageInByte = (int64_t) vmInfo.phys_footprint;
  NSLog(@“Memory in use (in bytes): %lld”, memoryUsageInByte);
  } else {
  NSLog(@“Error with task_info(): %s”, mach_error_string(kernelReturn));
  }

  double mem = memoryUsageInByte / (1024.0 * 1024.0);
  NSString *memtostring ;
  memtostring = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.1lf",mem];

  return memtostring;
  }

/**

• 获取cpu
  */

• (NSString *) get_cpu{
  kern_return_t kr;
  task_info_data_t tinfo;
  mach_msg_type_number_t task_info_count;

  task_info_count = TASK_INFO_MAX;
  kr = task_info(mach_task_self(), TASK_BASIC_INFO, (task_info_t)tinfo, &task_info_count);
  if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
  return [ NSString stringWithFormat: @"%f" ,-1];
  }

  task_basic_info_t basic_info;
  thread_array_t thread_list;
  mach_msg_type_number_t thread_count;

  thread_info_data_t thinfo;
  mach_msg_type_number_t thread_info_count;

  thread_basic_info_t basic_info_th;
  uint32_t stat_thread = 0; // Mach threads

  basic_info = (task_basic_info_t)tinfo;

  // get threads in the task
  kr = task_threads(mach_task_self(), &thread_list, &thread_count);
  if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
  return [ NSString stringWithFormat: @"%f" ,-1];
  }
  if (thread_count > 0)
  stat_thread += thread_count;

  long tot_sec = 0;
  long tot_usec = 0;
  float tot_cpu = 0;
  int j;

  for (j = 0; j < thread_count; j++)
  {
  thread_info_count = THREAD_INFO_MAX;
  kr = thread_info(thread_list[j], THREAD_BASIC_INFO,
  (thread_info_t)thinfo, &thread_info_count);
  if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
  tot_cpu = -1;
  //return -1;
  }

    basic_info_th = (thread_basic_info_t)thinfo;
  
    if (!(basic_info_th->flags & TH_FLAGS_IDLE)) {
        tot_sec = tot_sec + basic_info_th->user_time.seconds + basic_info_th->system_time.seconds;
        tot_usec = tot_usec + basic_info_th->user_time.microseconds + basic_info_th->system_time.microseconds;
        tot_cpu = tot_cpu + basic_info_th->cpu_usage / (float)TH_USAGE_SCALE * 100.0;
    }
  

  } // for each thread

  kr = vm_deallocate(mach_task_self(), (vm_offset_t)thread_list, thread_count * sizeof(thread_t));
  assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);

  NSString *tostring = nil ;
  tostring = [ NSString stringWithFormat: @"%.1f" ,tot_cpu];
  NSLog (@“performance cpu:%@”,tostring);

  return tostring;
  }

获取页面vc
上边收集了内存和cpu,还需要在收集数据的同时和页面对应上.这样就清楚了是当前页面的内存和cpu情况.

/**
*获取当前vc
*/

• (UIViewController *) get_vc {
  UIWindow *keyWindow = [UIApplication sharedApplication].keyWindow;
  __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
  dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
  if ([keyWindow.rootViewController isKindOfClass:[UITabBarController class]]) {
  UITabBarController *tab = (UITabBarController *)keyWindow.rootViewController;
  UINavigationController *nav = tab.childViewControllers[tab.selectedIndex];
  DDContainerController content = [nav topViewController];
  weakSelf.vc = [content contentViewController];
  }
  });
  return self.vc;
  }
  获取设备信息
  /
  *获取设备名称
  */
• (NSString *) get_devicesName {
  NSString *devicesName = [UIDevice currentDevice].name; //设备名称
  NSLog(@“performance devicesName:%@”, devicesName);
  return devicesName;

}

/*
*获取系统版本
*/

• (NSString *) get_systemVersion{
  NSString *systemVersion = [UIDevice currentDevice].systemVersion; //系统版本
  NSLog(@“performance version:%@”, systemVersion);
  return systemVersion;
  }

/*
*获取设备idf
*/

• (NSString *) get_idf {
  NSString *idf = [UIDevice currentDevice].identifierForVendor.UUIDString;
  NSLog(@“performance idf:%@”, idf);
  return idf;

}
数据拼接
最终要把内存、cpu等数据拼接成字典的形式,方便输出查看

输出log日志的数据格式

{
“cpu”: “0.4”,
“fps”: “60 FPS”,
“version”: “11.2”,
“appname”: “xxxxxx”,
“battery”: “-100.0”,
“appversion”: “5.0.4”,
“time”: “2018-09-07 11:45:24”,
“memory”: “141.9”,
“devicesName”: “xxxxxx”,
“vcClass”: “DDAlreadPaidTabListVC”,
“idf”: “8863F83E-70CB-43D5-B6C7-EAB85F3A2AAD”
}

开启子线程采集
开一个子线程定时采集数据

/*

• 性能采集子线程
  */

• (void) performancethread {
  NSThread *thread = [[NSThread alloc] initWithBlock:^{
  NSLog(@“performance get performance”);

    [self get_fps];
  
    while (true) {
        DDPerformanceModel *model = [DDPerformanceModel new];
        model.time=[self get_time];
        model.appname=[self get_appname];
        model.appversion=[self get_appversion];
        model.idf =[self get_idf];
        model.devicesName =[self get_devicesName];
        model.version = [self get_systemVersion ];
        model.vcClass = NSStringFromClass([self get_vc].class);
        model.memory = [self get_memory];
        model.battery = [self get_battery];
        model.cpu = [self get_cpu];
        model.fps = self.percount;
  
        NSString *json = [model modelToJSONString];
  

// printf(" getperformance %s\r\n", [json UTF8String]);
NSLog(@“getperformance model %@”, json);
sleep(5);
}
}];
[thread start];

NSLog(@"performance   ======continue mainblock======");

}

初始化性能采集
AppDelegate.m文件中didFinishLaunchingWithOptions方法中用户各种初始化操作,可以在第一行初始化性能采集,
这样app启动以后就可以定时采集数据

• (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {

  [[getperformance new] performancethread];//获取性能数据

  }
  性能采集日志存储
  一般来说日志存储都是写入到本地log日志,然后读取.但是有两个问题

需要读写文件代码,对于不熟悉oc的人来说比较难

因为是定时采集,文件IO操作频繁

所以不考虑存储本地log日志的方式,可以在代码中打印出数据,通过截获当前设备运行的日志获取数据.

模拟器可以使用xcrun simctl命令获取当前设备运行日志,
真机用libimobiledevice获取日志

xcrun simctl spawn booted log stream --level=debug | grep getperformance

输出log日志的数据格式,这块做了json美化,每歌几秒在控制台就打印一次

{
“cpu”: “0.4”,
“fps”: “60 FPS”,
“version”: “11.2”,
“appname”: “xxxxxx”,
“battery”: “-100.0”,
“appversion”: “5.0.4”,
“time”: “2018-09-07 11:45:24”,
“memory”: “141.9”,
“devicesName”: “xxxxxx”,
“vcClass”: “DDAlreadPaidTabListVC”,
“idf”: “8863F83E-70CB-43D5-B6C7-EAB85F3A2AAD”
}

如果获取多次数据可以使用shell脚本把命令放到后台,定时写入到logpath中
nohup xcrun simctl spawn booted log stream --level=debug >${logpath} &
代码插入到工程中
因为在持续集成中,每次打取的代码都是不带性能测试代码,这些代码是单独写到文件中.在编译项目前,用shell把代码插入到工程中,这样打出来的包才能有采集性能数据功能.

scriptrootpath=$2AddFiles=${2}"/GetPerformance/performancefiles"
localDDPerformanceModelh=$scriptrootpath"/GetPerformance/performancefiles/DDPerformanceModel.h"localDDPerformanceModelm=${scriptrootpath}"/GetPerformance/performancefiles/DDPerformanceModel.m"
localgetperformanceh=$scriptrootpath"/GetPerformance/performancefiles/getperformance.h"localgetperformancem=${scriptrootpath}"/GetPerformance/performancefiles/getperformance.m"

addfiles(){

echo "删除${projectaddpath}中的原性能采集文件"

rm -rf ${DDPerformanceModelh}
rm -rf ${DDPerformanceModelm}
rm -rf ${getperformanceh}
rm -rf ${getperformancem}

echo "复制文件到${projectaddpath}路径"

cp  ${localDDPerformanceModelh} ${projectaddpath}
cp  ${localDDPerformanceModelm} ${projectaddpath}
cp  ${localgetperformanceh} ${projectaddpath}
cp  ${localgetperformancem} ${projectaddpath}

}
性能数据绘制
在手工和自动化使用插入性能测试代码的app,如果截获性能数据后,可以对数据做性能数据绘制.

用Higcharts或者echarts绘制性能走势图

如何在持续集成中使用
monkey和UI自动化中使用,最终会发送一份性能报告.

Demo代码
已经把性能代码脱了主项目,可在Demo代码中编译,github地址:https://github.com/xinxi1990/iOSPerformanceTest

最后
虽然iOS生态封闭,但是对于开发者和测试者还是有一些空间可以利用的.

iOS测试一直都是一个难点,难懂的oc语法和iOS整体框架.如果你开始慢慢接触iOS,会发现iOS测试也并不是那么难,需要一点耐心和一点专心而已.

（文章来源于霍格沃兹测试学院）

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