import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
1.读取数据
# data = pd.read_csv('job.csv')
# data = np.loadtxt('job.csv', delimiter=',')
data = np.genfromtxt('job.csv', delimiter=',')
# print(data)
2.特征
X_data = data[1:, 1]
3.标签
y_data = data[1:, 2]
# print(X_data)
4.可视化(先以线性方程来预测)
plt.scatter(X_data, y_data)
# plt.show()
5. 建模
X_data 转为二维数组对象
X_data = X_data[:, np.newaxis]
model = LinearRegression()
model.fit(X_data, y_data)
plt.scatter(X_data, y_data)
plt.plot(X_data, model.predict(X_data))
plt.show()
1.将数据处理为多项式回归
from sklearn.preprocessing import PolynomialFeatures
2. 创建多项式对象
poly_reg = PolynomialFeatures(degree=5)
3. 数据处理
x_poly = poly_reg.fit_transform(X_data)
print(x_poly)
line_reg = LinearRegression()
line_reg.fit(x_poly, y_data)
plt.scatter(X_data, y_data, color='r')
plt.plot(X_data, line_reg.predict(x_poly))
plt.show()
3.多项式回归模型构建和预测
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
a = np.random.uniform(-3.0,3.0,size=100)
x = a.reshape(-1,1)
y = 0.5*a**2 + a + 2 + np.random.normal(0,1,size=100)
plt.scatter(x,y)
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
lin_reg = LinearRegression()
lin_reg.fit(x,y)
n = lin_reg.predict(x)
plt.plot(x,n)
plt.scatter(x,y)
plt.show()
lin_reg.score(x,y)
>>0.4193432238155308
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error
mean_squared_error(y,n)
>> 3.0695392007737921
5.2次多项式回归建立 degree越大,模型的拟合效果越好,均方误差越小,因为样本是一定的,我们总能找到一条曲线将所有的样本点拟合,也就是说让所有的样本点都落到这条线上,使整体均方误差为0,而如果对未知的待预测的数据预测过程中,过量拟合训练集会造成泛化能力降低,预测偏差增大,所以说,并不是degree越大预测的越准确。 封装Pipeline管道,便于灵活调整多项式回归模型参数
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from sklearn.preprocessing import PolynomialFeatures
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
def kk(degree):
return Pipeline(
[('poly',PolynomialFeatures(degree=degree)),
('std_scaler',StandardScaler()),
('lin_reg',LinearRegression())])
model = kk(degree=2)
model.fit(x,y)
d = model.predict(x)
plt.plot(np.sort(x,axis=0),d[np.argsort(x,axis=0)],color='r')
plt.scatter(x,y)
plt.show()
def kk(degree):
return Pipeline(
[('poly',PolynomialFeatures(degree=degree)),
('std_scaler',StandardScaler()),
('lin_reg',LinearRegression())])
model = kk(degree=50)
model.fit(x,y)
d = model.predict(x)
plt.plot(np.sort(x,axis=0),d[np.argsort(x,axis=0)],color='r')
plt.scatter(x,y)
plt.show()
def kk(degree):
return Pipeline(
[('poly',PolynomialFeatures(degree=degree)),
('std_scaler',StandardScaler()),
('lin_reg',LinearRegression())])
model = kk(degree=200)
model.fit(x,y)
d = model.predict(x)
plt.plot(np.sort(x,axis=0),d[np.argsort(x,axis=0)],color='r')
plt.scatter(x,y)
plt.show()