3_6.企业dns服务器搭建

UDDD-

于 2024-05-01 19:51:42 发布

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文章标签：服务器运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46927961/article/details/138358975

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###1.关于dns的名词解释 ###

dns:
domain name service(域名解析服务)

#关于客户端:

/etc/resolv.conf ##dns指向文件
nameserver 172.25.254.20

#测试：
host www.baidu.com ##地址解析命令
dig www.baidu.com ##地址详细解析信息命令

A记录 ##ip地址叫做域名的Address 记录
SOA ##授权起始主机

dns顶级
. 13
次级
.com .net .edu .org ....
baidu.com

#关于服务端#
bind ##安装包
named ##服务名称
/etc/named.conf ##主配置文件
/var/named ##数据目录
端口 ##53

#关于报错信息：
1.no servers could be reached ##服务无法访问（服务开启？火墙？网络？端口？）
2.服务启动失败 ##配置文件写错 journalctl -xe查询错误
3.dig 查询状态
NOERROR ##表示查询成功
REFUSED ##服务拒绝访问
SERVFAIL ##查询记录失败,（dns服务器无法到达上级，拒绝缓存）
NXDOMAIN ##此域名A记录在dns中不存在

###2.dns服务的安装与启用 ###

#安装#
dnf install bind.x86_64 -y #启用#
systemctl enable --now named
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=dns 
firewall-cmd --reload
vim /etc/named.conf
11 listen-on port 53 { any; }; ##在本地所有网络接口上开启53端口
19 allow-query { any; }; ##允许查询A记录的客户端列表
34 dnssec-validation no; ##禁用dns检测使dns能够缓存外部信息到本机
systemctl restart named

### 3.高速缓存dns ###

20 forwarders { 114.114.114.114; };

###4.dns的正向解析 ###

vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zone
zone "westos.com" IN { ##维护的域名
 type master; ##当前服务器位主dns
 file "westos.com.zone"; ##域名A记录文件
 allow-update { none; }; ##允许更新主机列表
};
cd /var/named/
cp -p named.localhost westos.com.zone
$TTL 1D #TIME-TO-LIVE(dns地址保存时间长度) @ IN SOA dns.westos.com. root.westos.com ( #SOA授权起始(Start of Authority)
          0 ; serial #域名版本序列号
          1D ; refresh #刷新时间（辅助dns）
          1H ; retry #重试时间（辅助dns）
          1W ; expire #过期时间（辅助dns,查询失败过期停止对辅助域名的应答）
          3H ) ; minimum #A记录最短有效期
 NS dns.westos.com.
dns A 192.168.0.20
www CNAME westos.a.westos.com. ##规范域名
westos.a A 192.168.0.111 ##正向解析记录
westos.a A 192.168.0.112
westos.com. MX 1 192.168.0.20. ##邮件解析记录
systemctl restart named 

dig www.westos.com #查询正向解析
dig -t mx westos.com #邮件解析记录查询

### 5.dns的反向解析 ###

vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "192.168.0.ptr";
allow-update { none; };
};

cd /var/named/
cp -p named.loopback 192.168.0.ptr

vim 192.168.0.ptr
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA dns.westos.com. root.westos.com. (
                              0 ; serial
                              1D ; refresh
                              1H ; retry
                              1W ; expire
                              3H ) ; minimum
NS dns.westos.com.
dns A 192.168.0.20
11 PTR www.westos.com.
12 PTR bbs.westos.com.
13 PTR news.westos.com.
systemctl restart named 

测试：
dig -x 192.168.0.11

###6.dns的双向解析 ###

实验环境：
客户端2台
1.1.1.网段
172.25.254网段
服务端1台2个网段的ip
172.25.254.50
1.1.1.50
在1.1.1.200网段的客户主机中
vim /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 1.1.1.50
在172.25.254.100网段的客户主机中
vim /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 172.25.254.50

配置方式：
cd /var/named/
cp -p westos.com.zone westos.com.inter

vim westos.com.inter
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA dns.westos.com. root.westos.com (
                            0 ; serial
                            1D ; refresh
                            1H ; retry
                            1W ; expire
                            3H ) ; minimum
NS dns.westos.com.
dns A 172.25.254.20
www CNAME westos.a.westos.com.
westos.a A 172.25.254.111
westos.a A 172.25.254.112
westos.com. MX 1 172.25.254.20. #mail exchanger

cp -p /etc/named.rfc1912.zones /etc/named.rfc1912.inters

vim /etc/named.rfc1912.inters
zone "westos.com" IN {
type master;
file "westos.com.inter";
allow-update { none; };
};

vim /etc/named.conf
#zone "." IN {
## type hint;
## file "named.ca";
##};
#
##include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
##include "/etc/named.root.key";
view localnet {
 match-clients { 192.168.0.0/24; };
 zone "." IN {
 type hint;
 file "named.ca";
 };
 include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
 include "/etc/named.root.key";
};
view internet {
 match-clients { any; };
 zone "." IN {
 type hint;
 file "named.ca";
 };
 include "/etc/named.rfc1912.inters";
 include "/etc/named.root.key";
};
 
systemctl restart named

测试：
分别在2个网段的主机中作同样域名的地址解析
得到的A记录不同

###7.dns集群 ###

slave dns：
dnf install bind -y
firewall-cmd --add-service=dns

vim /etc/named.conf
listen-on port 53 { any; };
allow-query { any; };
dnssec-validation no;

vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zone
zone "westos.com" IN {
 type slave; ##dns状态位辅助dns
 masters { 192.168.0.20; }; ##主dns
 file "slaves/westos.com.zone"; ##同步数据文件
};

主dns：
zone "westos.com" IN {
 type master;
 file "westos.com.zone";
 allow-update { none; };
 also-notify { 192.168.0.30; }; ##主动通知的辅助dns主机
};
vim /var/named/westos.com.zone
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA dns.westos.com. root.westos.com (
 2020031402 ; serial ##每次修改A记录文件需要
 1D ; refresh ##变更此参数的值
 1H ; retry
 1W ; expire
 3H ) ; minimum
 NS dns.westos.com.
dns A 192.168.0.20
www CNAME westos.a.westos.com.
westos.a A 192.168.0.210
westos.a A 192.168.0.211
westos.com. MX 1 192.168.0.20.
systemctl restart named

###8.dns的更新 ###

（1）dns基于ip地址的更新

dns基于ip地址的更新： 
在dns中设定：
vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "westos.com" IN {
 type master;
 file "westos.com.zone";
 allow-update { 192.168.0.10; }; ##允许指定客户端更新westos域
 also-notify { 192.168.0.30; };
};
测试： 在192.168.0.10
[root@rhel7_node1 ~]# nsupdate 
> server 192.168.0.20
> update add hello.westos.com 86400 A 192.168.0.111 ##新曾A记录
> send 
> update delete hello.westos.com ##删除A记录
> send

（2）dns基于key更新的方式

dns基于key更新的方式:
dnssec-keygen -a HMAC-SHA256 -b 128 -n HOST westos
cp -p /etc/rndc.key /etc/westos.key

vim /etc/westos.key
key "westos" {
algorithm hmac-sha256;
secret "SB1tQcLaWeroU9lGW21zeA==";
};

vim /etc/named.conf
43 include "/etc/wesots.key";

vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "westos.com" IN {
 type master;
 file "westos.com.zone";
 allow-update { key westos; };
 also-notify { 192.168.0.30; };
};

systemctl restart named 

[root@rhel7_node1 ~]# nsupdate -k /mnt/Kwestos.+163+26695.private 
> server 192.168.0.20
> update add hello.westos.com 86400 A 192.168.0.111
> send 
> quit

### 9.ddns（dhcp+dns） ###

dnf instsall dhcp-server -y
vim /etc/dhcpd/dhcpd.conf
# dhcpd.conf
#
# Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd
#
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "westos.com";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.20;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
# Use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updates globally.
ddns-update-style interim;
# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
#authoritative;
# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local7;
# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the 
# DHCP server to understand the network topology.
# This is a very basic subnet declaration.
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
 range 192.168.0.51 192.168.0.80;
 option routers 192.168.0.1; }
key westos {
 algorithm hmac-sha256;
 secret SB1tQcLaWeroU9lGW21zeA==;
 };
zone westos.com. {
primary 127.0.0.1;
key westos;
}
dns的key更新
测试：
设定测试主机网络工作方式为dhcp
设定主机名称test.westos.com
重启网络
dig test.westos.com
可以得到正确解析

UDDD-

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3_6.企业dns服务器搭建

dns:domain name service(域名解析服务)#关于客户端:/etc/resolv.conf ##dns指向文件#测试：host www.baidu.com ##地址解析命令dig www.baidu.com ##地址详细解析信息命令A记录 ##ip地址叫做域名的Address 记录SOA ##授权起始主机dns顶级. 13次级baidu.com#关于服务端#bind ##安装包named ##服务名称。
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