python获取zabbix指标信息

问题

python获取zabbix指标信息时，用三方包py-zabbix（即from pyzabbix import ZabbixAPI）不能成功连接zabbix的api。所以选择用最原始的requests三方包实现

实现过程

1、加载需要的三方库

import requests
import json
headers = {
    "Content-Type": "application/json-rpc",
}

2、先获取token，即在访问zabbix中的任何数据之前，需要登录并获取身份认证token。我们假设你想要以标准Zabbix Admin用户身份登录，那么，你的json请求将如下所示：

{
           "jsonrpc": "2.0",
           "method": "user.login",
           "params": {
               "user": "Admin",
               "password": "zabbix"
           },
           "id": 1,
           "auth": null
       }

以上json请求是zabbix官方文档给出的，在python中将null替换成None。如果不能成功连接zabbix，需要将请求中的user修改为username，即完整的json请求如下：

 {
           "jsonrpc": "2.0",
           "method": "user.login",
           "params": {
               "username": "Admin",
               "password": "zabbix"
           },
           "id": 1,
           "auth": null
       }

python实现过程如下：

data = {
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "method": "user.login",
    "params": {
        "username": "Admin",
        "password": "zabbix"
    },
    "id": 1,
    "auth": None
}
data = json.dumps(data)
response = requests.post(url, data=data, headers=headers)
token = json.loads(response.text)['result']

如果正确提供了凭据，API返回的响应将包含用户身份认证token：

{
           "jsonrpc": "2.0",
           "result": "0424bd59b807674191e7d77572075f33",
           "id": 1
       }

即result字段对应的结果就是token。

2、接下来获取主机id， 从zabbix官方文档中获取hot.get方法的json请求体：

{
           "jsonrpc": "2.0",
           "method": "host.get",
           "params": {
               "filter": {
                   "host": [
                       "Zabbix server",
                       "Linux server"
                   ]
               }
           },
           "auth": "0424bd59b807674191e7d77572075f33",
           "id": 1
       }

将其中的auth值用上述获取的token替换，filter部分按照自己的需求来设置，获取主机id的代码如下：

host_get_query = {
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "method": "host.get",
    "params": {
        "filter": {
            'flags': [0, 4]
        }
    },
    "auth": token,
    "id": 1
}
response_host = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(host_get_query), headers=headers)
host_result = json.loads(response_host.text)['result']

3、有了主机id，就可以获取这些主机对应监控的指标id的信息了，同样，从zabbix官方文档获取json请求的格式：

{
           "jsonrpc": "2.0",
           "method": "item.get",
           "params": {
               "output": "extend",
               "hostids": "10084",
               "search": {
                   "key_": "system"
               },
               "sortfield": "name"
           },
           "auth": "0424bd59b807674191e7d77572075f33",
           "id": 1
       }

同样，auth对应的值用上述的token结果替换，hostids用步骤2获取的主机id替换，获取主机对应的指标的信息的代码如下所示：

item_ls = []
for host in host_result:
    param = {
        "output": ["itemid", "delay", "units"],
        "hostids": host["hostid"],
        "with_triggers": False,
        "filter": {'flags': [0, 4]},
        "tags": [{"tag": "component", "value": "cpu"},
                 {"tag": "component", "value": "memory"},
                 {"tag": "component", "value": "network"}],
        # "search": {
        #     "key_": "system.cpu"  # 通配符搜索。
        # },
        "sortfield": "name"
    }

    item_get_query = {
        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
        "method": "item.get",
        "params": param,
        "auth": token,
        "id": 1
    }
    response_item = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(item_get_query), headers=headers)
    item_list = json.loads(response_item.text)['result']
    item_ls.extend(item_list)
print(len(item_ls))

代码中我只获取了指标的itemid，delay， units字段的信息，循环的将获取到的主机的所有监控指标满足flags是0和4的，以及tag的值为‘cpu’， “memory”， “network”的指标提取出来。

完整代码如下：

import requests
import json

url = r'http://zabbix.com.cn/api_jsonrpc.php' # 该处根据自己的实际情况修改。
headers = {
    "Content-Type": "application/json-rpc",
}

data = {
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "method": "user.login",
    "params": {
        "username": "Admin",  # 该处用户名根据实际用户名修改
        "password": "zabbix"  # 该处密码根据实际密码修改
    },
    "id": 1,
    "auth": None
}
data = json.dumps(data)
response = requests.post(url, data=data, headers=headers)
token = json.loads(response.text)['result']
host_get_query = {
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "method": "host.get",
    "params": {
        "filter": {
            'flags': [0, 4]
        }
    },
    "auth": token,
    "id": 1
}
response_host = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(host_get_query), headers=headers)
host_result = json.loads(response_host.text)['result']

item_ls = []
for host in host_result:
    param = {
        "output": ["itemid", "delay", "units"],
        "hostids": host["hostid"],
        "with_triggers": False,
        "filter": {'flags': [0, 4]},
        "tags": [{"tag": "component", "value": "cpu"},
                 {"tag": "component", "value": "memory"},
                 {"tag": "component", "value": "network"}],
        # "search": {
        #     "key_": "system.cpu"  # 通配符搜索。
        # },
        "sortfield": "name"
    }

    item_get_query = {
        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
        "method": "item.get",
        "params": param,
        "auth": token,
        "id": 1
    }
    response_item = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(item_get_query), headers=headers)
    item_list = json.loads(response_item.text)['result']
    item_ls.extend(item_list)
print(len(item_ls))