Netty 通过WebSocket编程实现服务器和客户端长连接
实例要求:
- Http协议是无状态的, 浏览器和服务器间的请求响应一次,下一次会重新创建连接.
- 要求:实现基于webSocket的长连接的全双工的交互
- 改变Http协议多次请求的约束,实现长连接了, 服务器可以发送消息
给浏览器 - 客户端浏览器和服务器端会相互感知,比如服务器关闭了,浏览器会感知,同样浏览器关闭了,服务器会感知
Server
package com.atguigu.netty.webSoket;
import com.atguigu.netty.NettyHeartBeat.HeartServerhandle;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* @Description: ···
* @author: Freedom
* @QQ: 1556507698
* @date:2022/6/26 19:57
*/
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//线程组
NioEventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
NioEventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
//在bossGroup 关联一个日志处理器
.handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
//因为基于http协议 因此要使用http的编解码器
pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
//是以块方式写 添加此处理器
pipeline.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
// 说明
// 1.Http数据传输在传输过程中是分段的 就是可以将多个段聚合起来
// 2.这就是为什么当浏览器发送大量数据时就会发出多次http请求 因为数据是分段的
pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(8192));
// 说明
// 1. 对于Websocket数据他的数据是以帧(frame)的形式传递的
// 2. 可以看到webSocketFrame下面有6个子类
// 3. 浏览器请求时 他的形式 ws://localhost:7000/xxx 表示请求的uri
// 4. WebSocketServerProtocolHandler 将一个http协议升级为WebSocket(ws)协议,保持长连接
// 5. 通过一个状态码来切换的
pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/hello2"));
//自定义的Handle 处理浏览器请求(基于帧的形似处理数据)
pipeline.addLast(new Handle());
}
});
//启动服务器
ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(7000).sync();
//监关闭事件
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
Handle
package com.atguigu.netty.webSoket;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
/**
* TextWebSocketFrame 表示一个文本帧
*
* @Description:
* @author: Freedom
* @QQ: 1556507698
* @date:2022/6/26 20:15
*/
public class Handle extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> {
/**
* 当Web客户端连接后触发此方法
* @param ctx
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
// id 为唯一标识
System.out.println("Web客户端已连接 Long" + ctx.channel().id().asLongText());
System.out.println("Web客户端已连接 Short" + ctx.channel().id().asShortText());
}
@Override
public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("handlerRemoved 触发" + ctx.channel().id().asLongText());
}
/**
* 发生异常
* @param ctx
* @param cause
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
System.out.println("异常发生"+ cause.getMessage());
//关闭通道
ctx.close();
}
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception {
System.out.println("服务器端收到消息:::" + msg.text());
//回复浏览器
ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame("服务器时间::"+ LocalDateTime.now() + msg.text()));
}
}
HTML 即 客户端
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
var socket;
//判断当前浏览器是否支持websocket
if(window.WebSocket) {
//go on
socket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:7000/hello2");
//相当于channelReado, ev 收到服务器端回送的消息
socket.onmessage = function (ev) {
var rt = document.getElementById("responseText");
rt.value = rt.value + "\n" + ev.data;
}
//相当于连接开启(感知到连接开启)
socket.onopen = function (ev) {
var rt = document.getElementById("responseText");
rt.value = "连接开启了.."
}
//相当于连接关闭(感知到连接关闭)
socket.onclose = function (ev) {
var rt = document.getElementById("responseText");
rt.value = rt.value + "\n" + "连接关闭了.."
}
} else {
alert("当前浏览器不支持websocket")
}
//发送消息到服务器
function send(message) {
if(!window.socket) { //先判断socket是否创建好
return;
}
if(socket.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
//通过socket 发送消息
socket.send(message)
} else {
alert("连接没有开启");
}
}
</script>
<form onsubmit="return false">
<textarea name="message" style="height: 300px; width: 300px"></textarea>
<input type="button" value="发生消息" onclick="send(this.form.message.value)">
<textarea id="responseText" style="height: 300px; width: 300px"></textarea>
<input type="button" value="清空内容" onclick="document.getElementById('responseText').value=''">
</form>
</body>
</html>