软工中级实训——Part4问答题

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最新推荐文章于 2023-06-24 14:23:14 发布

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Part4: Interacting Objects解答

Part4: Interacting Objects解答

一、The Critter Class

1. What methods are implemented in Critter?

答案: Critter中共实现了6个方法:
- act()
- getActors()
- processActors()
- getMoveLocations()
- selectMoveLocation()
- makeMove()

原因及源码支撑:

/* @file: framework/info.gridworld.actor/Critter.java */
/* @line: 38、56、71、88、104、125 */
public void act()
public ArrayList<Actor> getActors()
public void processActors(ArrayList<Actor> actors)
public ArrayList<Location> getMoveLocations()
public Location selectMoveLocation(ArrayList<Location> locs)
public void makeMove(Location loc)

2. What are the five basic actions common to all critters when they act?

答案: 从act方法实现可以知道5个公共方法为:
- getActors()
- processActors()
- getMoveLocations()
- selectMoveLocation()
- makeMove()

原因及源码支撑:

/* @file: framework/info.gridworld.actor/Critter.java */
/* @line: 38~47 */
public void act()
{
    if (getGrid() == null)
        return;
    ArrayList<Actor> actors = getActors();
    processActors(actors);
    ArrayList<Location> moveLocs = getMoveLocations();
    Location loc = selectMoveLocation(moveLocs);
    makeMove(loc);
}

3. Should subclasses of Critter override the getActors method? Explain.

答案: 应该
原因: 因为不同的Critter选择actors的方式可能有不同，因此我们需要Override该方法以针对性地选择actors

4. Describe the way that a critter could process actors.

答案: 以源代码为例，我们可以选择吃掉(即移除)所有不是critter也不是rock的actors

原因及源码支撑:

/* @file: framework/info.gridworld.actor/Critter.java */
/* @line: 71~78 */
public void processActors(ArrayList<Actor> actors)
{
    for (Actor a : actors)
    {
        if (!(a instanceof Rock) && !(a instanceof Critter))
            a.removeSelfFromGrid();
    }
}

5. What three methods must be invoked to make a critter move? Explain each of these methods.

答案: critter移动应调用的3个必备方法为:
getMoveLocations()
selectMoveLocation()
makeMove()
解释及源码支撑:
为实现critter的移动，act应按下面3步调用方法
首先act方法会调用getMoveLocations方法获得所有可选位置集: 在标准critter中，它选择周围8格里面所有的空白方格；
/* @file: framework/info.gridworld.actor/Critter.java */
/* @line: 88~91 */
public ArrayList<Location> getMoveLocations()
{
    return getGrid().getEmptyAdjacentLocations(getLocation());
}
然后调用selectMoveLocation方法以某种方法选择其中一个位置: 在标准critter中，会从上一步得到的Location集合中随机选择一个位置并返回。
/* @file: framework/info.gridworld.actor/Critter.java */
/* @line: 104~111 */
public Location selectMoveLocation(ArrayList<Location> locs)
{
    int n = locs.size();
    if (n == 0)
        return getLocation();
    int r = (int) (Math.random() * n);
    return locs.get(r);
}
最后调用makeMove方法将critter移动到上一步选定的位置
/* @file: framework/info.gridworld.actor/Critter.java */
/* @line: 125~131 */
public void makeMove(Location loc)
{
    if (loc == null)
        removeSelfFromGrid();
    else
        moveTo(loc);
}

6. Why is there no Critter constructor?

答案: 因为Critter是继承自Actor类的，这里Critter类有默认构造器，其中会调用super()方法调用Actor类的构造器，从而创建对象。

二、Extending the Critter Class

1. Why does act cause a ChameleonCritter to act differently from a Critter even though ChameleonCritter does not override act?

答案: 因为从上面已知act类中会用到5个基本方法，而在ChameleonCritter类中override了其中的两个方法processActors以及makeMove方法，因此最终导致ChameleonCritter类中的行为与其父类Critter不同。
源码支撑:
/* @file: projects/critters/ChameleonCritter.java */
/* @line: 36 */
public void processActors(ArrayList<Actor> actors)
/* @line: 50 */
public void makeMove(Location loc)

2. Why does the makeMove method of ChameleonCritter call super.makeMove?

答案: 在ChameleonCritter类中的makeMove方法实际上是先将自身方向转至新方向，然后再调用父类的makeMove方法，这样直接复用了父类的代码，减少冗余。
源码支撑:
/* @file: projects/critters/ChameleonCritter.java */
/* @line: 50~54 */
public void makeMove(Location loc)
{
    setDirection(getLocation().getDirectionToward(loc));
    super.makeMove(loc);
}

3. How would you make the ChameleonCritter drop flowers in its old location when it moves?

答案: 我们可以重写makeMove方法: 用一个变量记录移动前ChameleonCritter的位置，移动后与原位置比较: 如果一样的话我们就不留花；否则我们就在原位置留下一朵花。
代码支撑: 将下面的代码覆盖掉原来的makeMove方法即可实现要求
/* @file: projects/critters/ChameleonCritter.java */
/* @origin_line: 50~54 */
public void makeMove(Location loc)
{
    Location oldLocation = getLocation();
    setDirection(getLocation().getDirectionToward(loc));
    super.makeMove(loc);
    if (oldLocation != loc) {
        Flower flower = new Flower();
        flower.putSelfInGrid(getGrid(), oldLocation);
    }
}

4. Why doesn’t ChameleonCritter override the getActors method?

答案: 因为ChameleonCritter类对要处理的actors的需求跟父类Critter是一样的，因此不需要override父类的getActors方法，直接继承即可。

5. Which class contains the getLocation method?

答案: Actor类，所有Actor的子类通过继承来使用此方法。
源码支撑:
/* @file: framework/info.gridworld.actor/Actor.java */
/* @line: 102~105 */
public Location getLocation()
{
    return location;
}

6. How can a Critter access its own grid?

答案: 通过调用getGrid方法，因为在Actor类中已经实现了此方法，而Critter类是Actor类的子类，直接继承了父类的getGrid方法。
源码支撑:
/* @file: framework/info.gridworld.actor/Actor.java */
/* @line: 92~95 */
public Grid<Actor> getGrid()
{
    return grid;
}

三、Another Critter

1. Why doesn’t CrabCritter override the processActors method?

答案: 因为CrabCritter类对于得到的Actor的处理方法是一样的，都是直接移除，因此我们可以直接继承父类Critter的processActors方法而无需override
原因及源码支撑:
/* @file: framework/info.gridworld.actor/Critter.java */
/* @line: 71~78 */
public void processActors(ArrayList<Actor> actors)
{
    for (Actor a : actors)
    {
        if (!(a instanceof Rock) && !(a instanceof Critter))
            a.removeSelfFromGrid();
    }
}

2. Describe the process a CrabCritter uses to find and eat other actors. Does it always eat all neighboring actors? Explain.

答案及原因: CrabCritter的getActors方法只会在正前方、左前方和右前方这3个方向的相邻格中寻找Actor，而找到之后它会调用processActors方法将其中非石头以及非critter的所有Actor都"吃掉"。因此实际上它只"吃"前方3个方向中的部分Actor，并未"吃掉"所有相邻的Actor。
源码支撑:
/* @file: projects/critters/CrabCritter.java */
/* @line: 47~48 */
// 说明只获取前方3个方向
int[] dirs =
    { Location.AHEAD, Location.HALF_LEFT, Location.HALF_RIGHT };
/* @line: 49~54 */
// 说明只获取非空Actor
for (Location loc : getLocationsInDirections(dirs))
{
    Actor a = getGrid().get(loc);
    if (a != null)
        actors.add(a);
}

/* @file: framework/info.gridworld.actor/Critter.java */
/* @line: 75~76 */
// 说明不"吃"rock和其他critter
if (!(a instanceof Rock) && !(a instanceof Critter))
    a.removeSelfFromGrid();

3. Why is the getLocationsInDirections method used in CrabCritter?

答案:
因为CrabCritter的定义中，吃的时候(getActors)需要得到前3个方向的Location；而移动的时候(getMoveLocations)则需要得到左右两个方向的Location，在这之前并没有哪个方法能实现到按方向范围集合搜索这一点。

因此我们定义该方法，传入需要的Direction值集合作为参数，从而得到对应的Location。这样可以复用代码，减少冗余。
原因及源码支撑:
/* @file: projects/critters/CrabCritter.java */
/* @line: 44~49 */
public ArrayList<Actor> getActors()
{
    ArrayList<Actor> actors = new ArrayList<Actor>();
    int[] dirs =
        { Location.AHEAD, Location.HALF_LEFT, Location.HALF_RIGHT };
    for (Location loc : getLocationsInDirections(dirs))

/* @line: 62~67 */
public ArrayList<Location> getMoveLocations()
{
    ArrayList<Location> locs = new ArrayList<Location>();
    int[] dirs =
        { Location.LEFT, Location.RIGHT };
    for (Location loc : getLocationsInDirections(dirs))

4. If a CrabCritter has location (3, 4) and faces south, what are the possible locations for actors that are returned by a call to the getActors method?

答案: (4, 3)、(4, 4)和(4, 5)
原因: 从CrabCritter的getActors方法实现中可以知道CrabCritter会往其前方3个方向中寻找，而此时CrabCritter正面朝南方，因此它的前方3个方向即为答案中所写的。
源码支撑:
/* @file: projects/critters/CrabCritter.java */
/* @line: 44~49 */
public ArrayList<Actor> getActors()
{
    ArrayList<Actor> actors = new ArrayList<Actor>();
    int[] dirs =
        { Location.AHEAD, Location.HALF_LEFT, Location.HALF_RIGHT };
    for (Location loc : getLocationsInDirections(dirs))

5. What are the similarities and differences between the movements of a CrabCritter and a Critter?

答案及源码支撑:

相似处:

(1) 它们在移动的时候都不会选择转向；(移动的时候loc == null为false，都会调用moveTo方法移动)

/* @file: framework/info.gridworld.actor/Critter.java */
/* @line: 125~131 */
public void makeMove(Location loc)
{
    if (loc == null)
        removeSelfFromGrid();
    else
        moveTo(loc);
}

(2) 它们都是在getMoveLocations方法得到的集合中随机选择下一个移动的。(代码中loc即为上一步得到的可移动位置集合)

/* @file: framework/info.gridworld.actor/Critter.java */
// selectMoveLocation方法
/* @line: 109~110 */
int r = (int) (Math.random() * n);
return locs.get(r);

不同点:

(1) CrabCritter只会往左右两个方向移动；而Critter则可以往8个方向移动。

/* @file: projects/critters/CrabCritter.java */
/* @line: 62~67 */
public ArrayList<Location> getMoveLocations()
{
    ArrayList<Location> locs = new ArrayList<Location>();
    int[] dirs =
        { Location.LEFT, Location.RIGHT };
    for (Location loc : getLocationsInDirections(dirs))

/* @file: framework/info.gridworld.actor/Critter.java */
/* @line: 88~91 */
public ArrayList<Location> getMoveLocations()
{
    return getGrid().getEmptyAdjacentLocations(getLocation());
}

(2) CrabCritter不能移动时会随机往两个方向转向，而Critter会选择停在原地不转向

/* @file: projects/critters/CrabCritter.java */
// makeMove方法
/* @line: 79~88 */
if (loc.equals(getLocation()))
{
    double r = Math.random();
    int angle;
    if (r < 0.5)
        angle = Location.LEFT;
    else
        angle = Location.RIGHT;
    setDirection(getDirection() + angle);
}

6. How does a CrabCritter determine when it turns instead of moving?

答案: 通过检查makeMove中的loc参数跟当前位置是否一致，一致的话就选择turn
原因及源码支撑:
/* @file: projects/critters/CrabCritter.java */
// makeMove方法
/* @line: 79 */
if (loc.equals(getLocation()))

7. Why don’t the CrabCritter objects eat each other?

答案: 因为CrabCritter继承自Critter，而子类中并未override掉processActors方法，因此CrabCritter类使用的仍是父类Critter的。而在父类的定义中，该方法会"吃掉"所有非rock及非Critter的Actor，而CrabCritter继承自Critter，自然不会被"吃掉"。
原因及源码支撑:
/* @file: framework/info.gridworld.actor/Critter.java */
/* @line: 71~78 */
public void processActors(ArrayList<Actor> actors)
{
    for (Actor a : actors)
    {
        if (!(a instanceof Rock) && !(a instanceof Critter))
            a.removeSelfFromGrid();
    }
}

/* @file: projects/critters/CrabCritter.java */
/* @line: 32 */
public class CrabCritter extends Critter

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软工中级实训——Part4问答题

文章目录Part4: Interacting Objects解答一、The Critter Class1. What methods are implemented in Critter?2. What are the five basic actions common to all critters when they act?3. Should subclasses of Critter override the getActors method? Explain.4. Describe the way
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