Scala数组、集合、元组
数组与集合的分类
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Scala中的集合和数组的分类**
- 可变：mutable
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- 可变指的是元素的值或者长度是可变的
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不可变：immutable
- 不可变的指的是元素的值或者长度是不可变的
- 推荐使用不可变
- 工作场景经常需要做可变的集合
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实现的时候
- 初始化：构建一个可变的
- 处理完成以后：转换为一个不可变的
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可变数组和可变集合
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可变：mutable，指的是数组或集合中的元素的值可变或者长度可变
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库
scala.collection.mutable._- 数组
scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer -
集合
scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer scala.collection.mutable.Map scala.collection.mutable.Set -
不可变数组和不可变集合
- 不可变：immutable，指的是数组或集合中的元素的值不可变或者长度不可变
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库
scala.collection.immutable._ -
数组
scala.Array -
集合
scala.collection.immutable.List scala.collection.immutable.Map scala.collection.immutable.Set
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应用场景
- Scala中推荐使用不可变类型，所以默认构建的都为不可变类型，如果需要构建可变类型，需要提前手动导包
- 默认已经导入了所有不可变类型
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如果业务中需要使用可变类型，一般最终也转换为不可变类型
数组Array与ArrayBuffer
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ArrayBuffer与Array的区别
- Array：数组长度不可变，定长数组
- ArrayBuffer：数组长度可变，变长数组
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Array的定义、赋值及取值
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定义
//用于指定数组长度，没有指定初始值，必须加new scala> val a1 = new Array[Int](5) a1: Array[Int] = Array(0, 0, 0, 0, 0) //指定了初始值可以不加new scala> val a2 = Array(1,2,3,4,5) a2: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) -
赋值
scala> a1(0) = 10 scala> a1 res1: Array[Int] = Array(10, 0, 0, 0, 0)-
Scala中引用下标使用圆括号
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下标从0开始
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取值
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scala> a1(0)
res2: Int = 10
scala> println(a1(0))
10
scala> for(i <- a1 ) println(i)
10
0
0
0
0
scala> for(i <- a2 ) println(i)
1
2
3
4
5
scala> for(i <- 0.to(4) ) println(i)
0
1
2
3
4
scala> for(i <- 0.to(4) ) println(a2(i))
1
2
3
4
5
scala> for(i <- 0.to(a2.length - 1) ) println(a2(i))
1
2
3
4
5
scala> for(i <- a2.reverse ) println(i)
5
4
3
2
1
scala> for(i <- (a2.length - 1).to(0) ) println(a2(i))
scala> for(i <- (a2.length - 1).to(0,-1) ) println(a2(i))
5
4
3
2
1
scala> for(i <- (a2.length - 1).to(0,-2) ) println(a2(i))
5
3
1
ArrayBuffer的定义、赋值及取值
- 定义
scala> import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer
import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer
scala> val ab1 = new ArrayBuffer[Int]()
ab1: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer()
scala> val ab2 = ArrayBuffer(1,2,3)
ab2: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(1, 2, 3)
增加：+=、append
scala> ab1 += 10
res13: ab1.type = ArrayBuffer(10)
scala> ab1 += 9
res14: ab1.type = ArrayBuffer(10, 9)
scala> ab1 += 7
res15: ab1.type = ArrayBuffer(10, 9, 7)
scala> ab1.append(8)
scala> ab1
res17: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(10, 9, 7, 8)
scala> a1
res18: Array[Int] = Array(10, 0, 0, 0, 0)
赋值
scala> ab1(1) = 8
scala> ab1
res21: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(10, 8, 7, 8)
取值
scala> for(x <- ab1) println(x)
10
8
7
8
删除：-= 、remove
//按照值进行剔除
scala> ab1 -= 8
res23: ab1.type = ArrayBuffer(10, 7, 8)
//按照下标剔除
scala> ab1.remove(1)
res24: Int = 7
scala> ab1
res25: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(10, 8)
数组中的常用操作
- 排序：sorted
scala> ab2.sorted
res31: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(1, 2, 3, 3, 5, 7, 10)
反转：reverse
scala> ab2.sorted.reverse
res32: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(10, 7, 5, 3, 3, 2, 1)
求和：sum
scala> ab2.sum
res33: Int = 31
最大：max
scala> ab2.max
res34: Int = 10
最小：min
scala> ab2.min
res35: Int = 1
转换为字符串：mkString
scala> ab2.mkString
def mkString(sep: String): String
def mkString: String def mkString(start: String,sep: String,end: String): String
scala> ab2.mkString
res38: String = 12373510
scala> ab2.mkString("-")
res39: String = 1-2-3-7-3-5-10
scala> ab2.mkString(",")
res40: String = 1,2,3,7,3,5,10
scala> ab2.mkString("<",",",">")
res41: String = <1,2,3,7,3,5,10>
scala> ab2.mkString("<","-",">")
res42: String = <1-2-3-7-3-5-10>
列表List与ListBuffer
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- List集合的特点
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有序可重复的集合
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List与ListBuffer的区别
- List：不可变的集合，长度和元素值都不可变
- ListBuffer：可变的集合，长度和元素值都可变
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List的定义、赋值及取值
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定义
scala> val list1 = List(1,2,3,4,5,6,6,1,2) list1: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 1, 2) scala> list1(0) = 10 <console>:14: error: value update is not a member of List[Int] list1(0) = 10 ^-
值不可改变
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取值
scala> list1(0) res44: Int = 1 scala> for(i <- list1) println(i) 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 1 2
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ListBuffer的定义、赋值及取值
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定义
scala> val listb1 = new ListBuffer[Int]() listb1: scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer[Int] = ListBuffer() scala> val listb2 = ListBuffer(1,2,3,4,3,2,1) listb2: scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer[Int] = ListBuffer(1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 1) -
添加：+=、append
scala> listb1 += 1 res52: listb1.type = ListBuffer(10, 9, 8, 1) scala> listb1.append(3) scala> listb1 res57: scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer[Int] = ListBuffer(10, 2, 8, 1, 3) -
赋值
scala> listb1(1) = 2 scala> listb1 res55: scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer[Int] = ListBuffer(10, 2, 8, 1) -
删除：-=、remove
scala> listb1 -= 10 res58: listb1.type = ListBuffer(2, 8, 1, 3) scala> listb1.remove(0) res59: Int = 2 scala> listb1 res60: scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer[Int] = ListBuffer(8, 1, 3) -
取值
scala> listb1(0) res61: Int = 8 scala> for(x <- listb1) println(x) 8 1 3
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List于ListBuffer的常用操作
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List集合常用操作
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取第1个元素：head
scala> list1.head res64: Int = 1 -
取除了第一个元素以外的元素：tail
scala> list1.tail res65: List[Int] = List(2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 1, 2) -
取前N个元素：take
scala> list1.take(3) res66: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3) -
取除了前N个元素以外的所有元素：drop
scala> list1.drop(3) res67: List[Int] = List(4, 5, 6, 6, 1, 2) -
定义一个空list集合：Nil
scala> val list2 = Nil list2: scala.collection.immutable.Nil.type = List()- 一般不用于存储数据，一般用于拼接元素构建集合
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集合头部添加元素返回新的集合：+：、:：
scala> list1.+:(10) res69: List[Int] = List(10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 1, 2) scala> list1 res70: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 1, 2) scala> 9::list1 res71: List[Int] = List(9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 1, 2) -
集合尾部添加元素返回新的集合：:+
scala> list1.:+(10) res72: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 1, 2, 10) -
拼接两个集合的元素返回新的集合：++、:::
scala> list3:::list4 res73: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 4, 5, 6) scala> list4:::list3 res74: List[Int] = List(3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4) scala> list3 ++ list4 res75: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 4, 5, 6) scala> list4 ++ list3 res76: List[Int] = List(3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4) -
扁平化操作：将两层集合转换为一层集合：flatten
scala> val list5 = List(List(1,2),List(3,4),List(5,6)) list5: List[List[Int]] = List(List(1, 2), List(3, 4), List(5, 6)) scala> for(x <- list5) println(x) List(1, 2) List(3, 4) List(5, 6) scala> list5.flat flatMap flatten scala> list5.flatten res78: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) -
拉链操作：zip、zipWithIndex
scala> val list6 = List(1,2,3,4) list6: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4) scala> val list7 = List("a","b","c","d") list7: List[String] = List(a, b, c, d) scala> list6.zip(list7) res79: List[(Int, String)] = List((1,a), (2,b), (3,c), (4,d)) scala> list7.zipWithIndex res80: List[(String, Int)] = List((a,0), (b,1), (c,2), (d,3))- 一般用于将List集合转换为Map集合
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拉开操作：unzip
scala> val list8 = list6.zip(list7) list8: List[(Int, String)] = List((1,a), (2,b), (3,c), (4,d)) scala> list8.unzip res81: (List[Int], List[String]) = (List(1, 2, 3, 4),List(a, b, c, d)) scala> val list9 = list8.unzip list9: (List[Int], List[String]) = (List(1, 2, 3, 4),List(a, b, c, d)) scala> list9._1 res82: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4) scala> list9._2 res83: List[String] = List(a, b, c, d) -
并集：union
scala> list3.union(list4) res86: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 4, 5, 6) -
交集：intersect
scala> list3.intersect(list4) res87: List[Int] = List(3, 4) -
差集：diff
scala> list3.diff(list4) res88: List[Int] = List(1, 2) scala> list4.diff(list3) res89: List[Int] = List(5, 6)
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ListBuffer集合常用操作
scala> listb1.to to toBuffer toIterable toList toParArray toSet toString toVector toArray toIndexedSeq toIterator toMap toSeq toStream toTraversable-
转换为List：toList
scala> listb1.toList res91: List[Int] = List(8, 1, 3) -
转换为Array：toArray
scala> listb1.toArray res92: Array[Int] = Array(8, 1, 3)
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Set集合
- **Set集合的特点**
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无序不重复集合，一般用于实现数据的去重功能
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可变Set集合与不可变Set的区别
- immutable.Set：不可变Set集合，长度不可变
- mutable.Set：可变Set集合，长度可变
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不可变Set集合的定义与读取
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定义
scala> val set1 = Set(1,2,3,4,4,2,1,3) set1: scala.collection.immutable.Set[Int] = Set(1, 2, 3, 4) -
取值
scala> for(i <- set1 ) println(i) 1 2 3 4 -
获取集合长度：size
scala> set1.size res100: Int = 4
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可变Set集合的定义、赋值与读取
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定义
scala> import scala.collection.mutable.Set import scala.collection.mutable.Set scala> val set2 = Set(1,2,3,4,4,2,1,3) set2: scala.collection.mutable.Set[Int] = Set(1, 2, 3, 4) -
添加：+=
scala> set2 += 4 res102: set2.type = Set(1, 5, 2, 3, 4) -
删除：-=
scala> set2 -= 2 res103: set2.type = Set(1, 5, 3, 4) -
读取
scala> for(i <- set2) println(i) 1 5 3 4
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Map集合
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Map集合的特点
- 存储KeyValue格式数据的集合
- 作为大数据工程师：处理最多的数据结构类型：KV结构类型
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可变Map与不可变Map的区别
- immutable.Map：不可变Map，不可添加、删除、更新元素
- mutable.Map：可变Map，可以添加、删除、更新元素
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不可变Map集合的定义、读取
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定义
scala> val map1 = Map("name" -> "laoda","age" -> "20","gender"->"male") map1: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,String] = Map(name -> laoda, age -> 20, gender -> male) scala> val map2 = Map(("name","laoer"),("age","22"),("gender","female")) map2: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,String] = Map(name -> laoer, age -> 22, gender -> female) -
读取
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方式一：直接根据Key读取
scala> map1("name") res105: String = laoda scala> map1("name1") java.util.NoSuchElementException: key not found: name1 at scala.collection.MapLike$class.default(MapLike.scala:228) at scala.collection.AbstractMap.default(Map.scala:59) at scala.collection.MapLike$class.apply(MapLike.scala:141) at scala.collection.AbstractMap.apply(Map.scala:59) ... 32 elided- 一般不用，如果key不存在，会报错
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方式二：使用get方法
scala> map1.get def get(key: String): Option[String] scala> map1.get("name") res107: Option[String] = Some(laoda) scala> map1.get("name").get res108: String = laoda scala> map1.get("name1") res109: Option[String] = None -
方式三：使用getOrElse方法
scala> map1.getOrElse("name1","null") res112: String = null scala> map1.getOrElse("name","null") res113: String = laoda -
方式四：循环挨个取值
scala> for(x <- map1) println(x) (name,laoda) (age,20) (gender,male) scala> for((key,value) <- map1) println(key+"\t"+value) name laoda age 20 gender male
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可变Map集合的定义、添加、读取
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定义
scala> import scala.collection.mutable.Map import scala.collection.mutable.Map scala> val map3 = Map(("name","laoer"),("age","22"),("gender","female")) map3: scala.collection.mutable.Map[String,String] = Map(age -> 22, name -> laoer, gender -> female) -
添加：+=
scala> map3 += "addr" -> "shanghai" res116: map3.type = Map(addr -> shanghai, age -> 22, name -> laoer, gender -> female) -
更新：=
scala> map3("addr") = "beijing" scala> map3 res120: scala.collection.mutable.Map[String,String] = Map(addr -> beijing, age -> 22, gender -> female) -
删除：remove
scala> map3.remove("name") res117: Option[String] = Some(laoer) scala> map3 res118: scala.collection.mutable.Map[String,String] = Map(addr -> shanghai, age -> 22, gender -> female) -
获取Key：keys
scala> map3.keys res121: Iterable[String] = Set(addr, age, gender) -
获取Value：values
scala> map3.values res122: Iterable[String] = HashMap(beijing, 22, female) -
遍历
for(x <- map3) println(x) for((key,value)<- map3) println(key+"\t"+value) for(key <- map3.keys) println(map3(key))
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元组Tuple
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元组的功能和特点
- 功能：类似于数组，用于存储不同类型的元素的集合
- 区别
- 数组：数组中只能存储一种类型的元素
- 元组：元组中可以存储不同类型的元素
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元组的语法
val/var tupleName = (元素1，元素2，元素3，元素4……) val/var tupleName = TupleN(元素1，元素2，元素3，元素4……元素N)-
举例
scala> val tuple1 = (1,2,"itcast",14.9,true) tuple1: (Int, Int, String, Double, Boolean) = (1,2,itcast,14.9,true) scala> val tuple2 = new Tuple3(1,2,"heima") tuple2: (Int, Int, String) = (1,2,heima) -
特殊：二元组就是KeyValue对
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方法：swap：二元组特有的方法
- 将key和value的位置互换
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元组最多只能有22个元素
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元组的取值
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通过tuple._N来引用元组中的元素（N从1开始）
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举例
scala> tuple1._1 res126: Int = 1 scala> tuple1._2 res127: Int = 2 scala> tuple1._3 res128: String = itcast
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迭代器Iterator
- scala针对每一类集合都提供了一个迭代器（iterator）用来迭代访问集合
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迭代器的两个基本方法
- hasNext：查询容器中是否有下一个元素
- next：返回迭代器的下一个元素，如果没有，抛出NoSuchElementException
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举例
scala> val array = Array(1,2,3,4,5) array: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) scala> val itera = array.iterator itera: Iterator[Int] = non-empty iterator scala> while(itera.hasNext) println(itera.next) 1 2 3 4 5
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